地学前缘 ›› 2012, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 293-299.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚洲中部天山—贝加尔陆内变形终止边界

高祥林,丁留伟,马晓静   

  1. 中国地震局 地质研究所, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-18 修回日期:2013-11-09 出版日期:2012-09-10 发布日期:2012-09-10
  • 作者简介:高祥林(1947—),男,博士,从事构造物理和地球动力学研究。E-mail: xlgaoig@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2008CB425703)

The TianshanBaikal boundary of the termination of intracontinental deformation in central Asia.

  • Received:2012-06-18 Revised:2013-11-09 Online:2012-09-10 Published:2012-09-10

摘要:

亚洲中部,沿天山的西端、阿尔泰山的西北端到贝加尔地区,是一条显著的NE向边界(天山—贝加尔边界),在它的两侧,地形、构造、地震活动和其他地球物理特征都有显著的差异。沿这条边界不存在同方向的大断层,同时,一系列NW向大型走滑断层与这条边界以大角度相交,这些断层的西北段在边界西北侧附近终止。总体上,这条边界西北侧是稳定的哈萨克斯坦地台和西伯利亚地台,东南侧主要是构造活动的天山、阿尔泰山及蒙古西部,因此,这条NE向构造边界是大陆内部的变形终止边界。中亚地区的陆块拼合过程在古生代末已结束,天山、阿尔泰山等造山带与北边的哈萨克斯坦地台和西伯利亚地台焊接为一体,经历中生代的固化。新生代以来,受印度欧亚板块碰撞的影响,天山、阿尔泰山等造山带在NS向挤压力作用下发生变形,包括近东西向逆断层和NW向走滑断层的活动以及分散的地震。这些变形向北扩展时,被刚性、结构完整的哈萨克斯坦地台和西伯利亚地台截断终止,因而造成NE向天山—贝加尔边界。亚洲大陆内部块体的地壳强度和变形特征有明显的继承性,新生代以来,原来的地台(克拉通)继续保持结构完整和稳定性,几乎没有内部变形,而天山、阿尔泰山等古老的造山带则再次经历强烈变形。 这不仅是由于印度板块继续向北推挤的影响,而且与这些地区自身的地壳和上地幔结构有关,同时NE向天山—贝加尔边界的西北侧哈萨克斯坦地台和西伯利亚地台对变形扩散的阻挡也起了重要作用。

关键词: 亚洲中部;天山&mdash, 贝加尔;变形终止;地壳和上地幔结构

Abstract:

In central Asia, there exists a notable NE trending boundary (TianshanBaikal boundary) along the western end of the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern end of the Altai Mountains and the Baikal area. On either side of this boundary, the features of topography, tectonics, seismicity and other geophysical fields are quite different. There is no major fault aligned with this boundary, while a series of NW striking faults intersect it at nearly right angles, of which the northwestern sections terminate nearby the TianshanBaikal boundary. Overall, the stable Kazakh platform and Siberia platform are situated in the northwestern side of this boundary, and tectonically active Tianshan, Altai and western Mongolia characterize its southeastern side. Therefore this TianshanBaikal boundary marks the termination of crustal deformation within the continent. Processes of terrane amalgamation in central Asia finished at the end of the Paleozoic when the Tianshan, Altai and other orogens were welded with the Kazakh and Siberia platforms, followed by consolidation during the Mesozoic. Since the Cenozoic, impacted by the IndiaAsia collision and continued postcollisional plate convergence, the Tianshan, Altai and other orogens were rejuvenated, resulting in extensive crustal deformation under NS compression, which concentrates along the EW trending thrust and NW striking strikeslip faults, as well as diffused earthquakes. The spread of these deformations toward north was terminated or cut off by the rigid and intact platforms of Kazakh and Siberia, creating the NE striking TianshanBaikal boundary. Crustal strength and deformation behaviors of blocks in the Asian continent have a conspicuous inheritance. Since the Cenozoic, the original platforms (cratons) remain intact and stable, almost without interior deformation, while those old orogens underwent intensive deformations again, which were associated with IndiaAsia collision as well as deep structures of crust and upper mantle. Besides, it also played an important role in strain partitioning that the platforms of Kazakh and Siberia, northwest of the TianshanBaikal boundary, hampered the diffusion of deformation.

Key words: central Asia, TianshanBaikal, deformation termination, crust and upper mantle

中图分类号: