大气宇宙成因核素10Be在地球科学研究中的应用:进展与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.40

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高能宇宙射线及其次级粒子与大气和地表物质中的原子发生反应,分别生成大气和原位宇宙成因核素。大气成因¹⁰Be主要由散裂中子与大气中的氧和氮原子发生核反应生成,被气溶胶吸附后在大气层中迁移并通过干湿沉降过程沉积到地表。相比于¹⁴C,¹⁰Be具有更长的半衰期(1.387 Ma),定年尺度可达数个百万年。相比于原位成因¹⁰Be,大气成因¹⁰Be不仅可以作为年代学和地表风化剥蚀指标,同时也可以重建古地磁场强度和古气候降水变化。大气成因¹⁰Be具有应用范围广、自然界核素浓度高和实验室前处理简单等优势,有利于核素的实验室提取和加速器质谱分析。尽管大气成因¹⁰Be已经在各个领域中广泛应用,但对古地磁场强度、古气候降水、风化剥蚀通量、年代学等指标的适用性研究仍缺乏系统梳理和深入讨论。本文综述了大气成因¹⁰Be指标的基本原理和不同研究实例(如海洋沉积物、黄土沉积物、冰芯、河流沉积物等),探讨了大气成因¹⁰Be指标在表层地球系统科学研究中的适用性,并初步展望了大气成因¹⁰Be研究的机遇和挑战。

关键词: 大气成因¹⁰Be, 沉降通量, 古地磁场强度, 古气候降水, 地表风化

Abstract:

High-energy cosmic rays and their secondary particles interact with atmospheric and surface material atoms, generating meteoric and in-situ cosmogenic nuclides. Meteoric ¹⁰Be is primarily produced by nuclear reactions between spallation neutrons and oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere. It becomes adsorbed onto aerosols, migrates through the atmosphere, and is deposited on the Earth’s surface via wet and dry deposition. Compared to ¹⁴C, meteoric ¹⁰Be has a much longer half-life (1.387 Ma), enabling its use for dating over timescales of several million years. Unlike in-situ ¹⁰Be, meteoric ¹⁰Be is a proxy for geochronology and chemical weathering. Additionally, it is valuable for reconstructing paleomagnetic field intensity and paleo-precipitation changes. Its broad range of applications, higher natural nuclide concentration, and simple laboratory preparation make meteoric ¹⁰Be wellsuited for extraction and accelerator mass spectrometry analysis. Despite its widespread application across various disciplines, a comprehensive review and critical analysis of meteoric ¹⁰Be’s utility in paleomagnetic intensity reconstruction, precipitation studies, weathering flux quantification, and geochronology applications remain lacking. This paper reviews the basic principles of atmospheric ¹⁰Be production and highlights its applications in Earth science, including samples of marine sediments, loess deposits, ice cores, and river sediments. It explores the potential of meteoric ¹⁰Be in advancing surface Earth system science and provides a preliminary outlook on the opportunities and challenges for future research.

Key words: meteoric ¹⁰Be, deposition flux, paleomagnetic field intensity, paleo-precipitation, Earth surface weathering

中图分类号:

P597
X142

杨睿涵, 杨业, 曹振平, 徐胜. 大气宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be在地球科学研究中的应用:进展与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(3): 392-407.

YANG Ruihan, YANG Ye, CAO Zhenping, XU Sheng. Progress and perspectives of meteoric ¹⁰Be applications in Earth Science[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 392-407.

图/表 3

图1 10Be迁移和沉降模式图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the deposition and transport of 10Be

图2 Be同位素的产生迁移过程

Fig.2 Routing of Be isotopes in the Earth surface system

图3 全新世以来全球通用环流模型大气成因10Be沉降通量分布(据文献[79])

Fig.3 The distribution map of the 10Be depositional flux derived from the ECHAM5-HAM model with the average of the Holocene. Adapted from [79].

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大气宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be在地球科学研究中的应用:进展与展望

Progress and perspectives of meteoric ¹⁰Be applications in Earth Science

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