陆面过程与天气研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.59

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陆面作为大气运动的下边界,通过动量、热量及物质交换与大气发生复杂的相互作用。陆面过程被认为是影响天气气候的关键过程之一。关于陆面过程对气候的影响已经开展了大量较为深入的研究,相比之下,针对陆面过程对天气的影响研究并没有受到足够的重视。近年来,陆面过程与天气研究也开始受到了越来越多的关注。本文从陆面基本要素、下垫面构成、陆面诱发的局地环流3个方面,回顾了土壤湿度、地形、土地利用、山谷-平原环流等要素和过程对强对流、暴雨、台风、高温热浪等天气事件影响研究的相关进展,以期为今后的研究提供参考。需要指出,尽管此方面的研究已取得了一定进展,但关于陆面过程对天气,尤其是极端(高影响)天气的影响及机制还有待深入研究,进而从陆面过程的角度来理解重要天气形成、发生和发展的机理,从而为数值模式发展和天气预报业务提供更有力的科学支撑。

关键词: 陆面过程, 天气, 研究进展

Abstract:

As the lower boundary of the atmosphere, the land surface interacts with the atmosphere through momentum, heat and mass exchanges. Land surface processes have long been recognized as one of the key processes affecting weather and climate, however, although their impacts on climate have been widely studied, their impacts on weather have not received enough attention until recently. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the impacts of land surface elements (soil moisture, etc.), land cover types (topography, land use, etc.) and local circulation (valley-plain circulation, etc.) on weather events, such as strong convection, heavy rainfall, typhoon, high temperature and heat wave, to provide a reference for future study in this field. Even with some progresses made, however, it is noted that further investigation is needed to better understand the physical mechanisms for weather formation, occurrence and development under the influence of land surface processes, especially how they affect the extreme (high impact) weather events, so as to provide scientific support for the numerical modeling study and operational weather forecasting.

Key words: land surface processes, weather research, latest progress

中图分类号:

陈海山, 杜新观, 孙悦. 陆面过程与天气研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 382-400.

CHEN Haishan, DU Xinguan, SUN Yue. Land surface processes and weather research—a review[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 382-400.

图/表 8

图1 陆面过程影响天气示意图

Fig.1 Schematic illusion of impacts of land surface processes on weather

图2 土壤湿度影响降水反馈机制示意图

Fig.2 Schematic illusion of soil moisture-precipitation feedback

图3 褐海效应示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of Brown Ocean Effect

图4 沿岸地形与陆地摩擦作用下对流触发机制示意图(据文献[26]修改)

Fig.4 Schematic diagram depicting convective initiation under the effects of the coastal terrain and land surface friction. Modified after [26].

图5 城市动力热力强迫对降水的影响

Fig.5 The influence of urban dynamical/thermal forcing on rainfall

图6 灌溉农田与荒地边界辐合环流示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagrams of the convergence line near the boundary of irrigated cropland and barren land

图7 梅雨锋中对流系统东移发展演变示意图(据文献[234]修改)

Fig.7 Schematic of convection and MCV eastward progression and diurnal evolution in Meiyu front. Modified after [234].

图8 夜间沿岸对流降水示意图(据文献[255]修改)

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the nocturnal offshore rainfall in the regions with coastal orography. Modified after [255].

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