深部热流体活动对储层成岩作用及孔隙演化的影响:以莺歌海盆地LDX区中新统黄流组为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.57

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 412-429.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.57

深部热流体活动对储层成岩作用及孔隙演化的影响:以莺歌海盆地LDX区中新统黄流组为例

曹江骏¹(), 罗静兰¹^,^*(), 范彩伟², 李珊珊², 吴仕玖², 符勇¹, 史肖凡¹, 代龙², 侯静娴²

1.西北大学地质学系/大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
2.中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司, 广东湛江 524057

收稿日期:2021-09-02 修回日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通信作者: 罗静兰
作者简介:曹江骏(1993—),男,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学与储层地质学方面的研究工作。E-mail: 282945358@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41972129);国家科技重大专项课题(2016ZX05026-003-005);国家科技重大专项课题(2016ZX05024-005);中海油湛江分公司“南海西部高温高压气藏勘探开发技术及勘探新领域研究项目(CNOOC-KJ135ZDXM38ZJ02ZJ)

Deep thermal fluid activity and its influence on the diagenesis and pore evolution of reservoirs: A case study from the Miocene Huangliu Formation reservoir in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, northern South China Sea

CAO Jiangjun¹(), LUO Jinglan¹^,^*(), FAN Caiwei², LI Shanshan², WU Shijiu², FU Yong¹, SHI Xiaofan¹, DAI Long², HOU Jingxian²

1. Department of Geology/State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2. Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Zhanjiang 524057, China

Received:2021-09-02 Revised:2022-02-25 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: LUO Jinglan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解莺歌海盆地深部热流体主要类型,研究热流体特征,判断热流体活动范围,分析热流体对储层成岩-孔隙演化的影响,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X射线衍射、物性、电子探针、包裹体均一温度、稳定同位素等分析测试手段,结合前人研究成果,对盆内LDX区中新统黄流组储层进行分析。结果表明,受构造热事件影响及深大断裂控制,在超压驱动下,热流体活动范围主要为3 900 m以下的黄流组中下部,以CO₂热流体为主,H₂S热流体次之。热流体影响下储层具有自生黏土矿物转化速率加快、镜质体反射率突变、地层水矿化度降低、包裹体均一温度大于正常地层最高温度、热液成因矿物发育等特点。将黄流组储层分为超压储层(黄流组中上部)及热超压储层(黄流组中下部)两类。其中,超压储层成岩作用阶段达中成岩A₂亚期,压实及溶蚀作用较弱,胶结作用较强,孔隙演化经历了压实减孔、压实与胶结减孔、胶结减孔与有机酸溶蚀增孔3个过程,孔隙度从38.8%减少到现今的7.6%;热超压储层成岩作用阶段达中成岩B期,压实及溶蚀作用较强,胶结作用较弱,孔隙演化经历了压实减孔、压实与胶结减孔、胶结减孔与有机酸溶蚀增孔、胶结减孔与有机酸及无机酸溶蚀增孔4个过程,孔隙度从38.1%减少到现今的9.2%。有利储层主要发育在黄流组中下部黄二段的热超压储层中。

关键词: 深部热流体, 成岩-孔隙演化, 有利储层, 中新统黄流组, LDX区, 莺歌海盆地

Abstract:

In order to understand the main types of deep-seated thermal fluid in the Yinggehai Basin, We studied the thermal fluid characteristics, determined the range of thermal fluid activity, and analyzed the thermal fluid influence on reservoir diagenesis and pore evolution. Combined with previous research results, we investigated the Miocene Huangliu Formation reservoir in the LDX area by blue epoxy resin-impregnated thin section, scanning electron microscope, clay mineral quantification by XRD, physical property, electron probe, fluid inclusion homogenization temperature, and stable isotope analyses. Results showed that the deep-seated thermal fluid activity—which is affected by tectonic thermal events, controlled by an abyssal fault, driven by overpressure, and dominated by CO₂ thermal fluid and to a lesser extent by H₂S thermal fluid—mainly influenced the middle and lower parts of the Huangliu Formation below 3900 m. The reservoir is characterized by the accelerated transformation of authigenic clay minerals, vitrinite reflectance mutation, reduced formation water salinity, inclusion homogenization temperature above the normal formation maximum temperature, and hydrothermal mineral development under the influence of deep therrmal fluids. The Huangliu Formation involves two types of reservoirs: overpressure reservoir (middle-upper parts of the Huangliu Formation) and thermal overpressure reservoir (lower-middle parts of the Huangliu Formation). The diagenetic stage of the overpressure reservoir reached substage A₂ of mesodiagenesis, with relatively weak compaction, weak dissolution and strong cementation, and experienced pore evolution in three stages: porosity decrease by compaction, porosity decrease by compaction and cementation, and porosity decrease by cementation combined with porosity increase by organic acid dissolution. Overall, porosity decreased from 38.8% to 7.6%. The diagenetic stage in the thermal overpressure reservoir reached stage B of mesodiagenesis, with relatively strong compaction, strong dissolution and weak cementation, and experienced pore evolution in four stages: stages 1-3 are the same as in substage A₂, and stage 4 is similar to stage 3 except the porosity increase is caused by both organic acid and inorganic acid dissolutions. Overall, porosity decreased from 38.1% to 9.2%. Favorable reservoirs mainly develope in the thermal overpressure reservoirs of the second member of the lower-middle parts of the Huangliu Formation.

Key words: deep-seated hot fluid, diagentic-pore evolution, favorable reservoir, Miocene Huangliu Formation, LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

曹江骏, 罗静兰, 范彩伟, 李珊珊, 吴仕玖, 符勇, 史肖凡, 代龙, 侯静娴. 深部热流体活动对储层成岩作用及孔隙演化的影响:以莺歌海盆地LDX区中新统黄流组为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 412-429.

CAO Jiangjun, LUO Jinglan, FAN Caiwei, LI Shanshan, WU Shijiu, FU Yong, SHI Xiaofan, DAI Long, HOU Jingxian. Deep thermal fluid activity and its influence on the diagenesis and pore evolution of reservoirs: A case study from the Miocene Huangliu Formation reservoir in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 412-429.

图/表 13

图1 莺歌海盆地区域构造划分(a)及地层综合柱状图(b)(据文献[10,20,26]修改)

Fig.1 Regional structure division (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram (b) map of Yinggehai Basin. Modified after [10,20,26].

图2 莺歌海盆地LDX区自生黏土矿物相对含量随深度变化散点图

Fig.2 The scatter diagram of the relative content of authigenic clay minerals varying with depth in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图3 莺歌海盆地LDX区镜质体反射率对数(a)及地层水总矿化度(b)随深度变化散点图

Fig.3 The scatter diagram of logarithm of vitrinite reflectance (a) and total mineralization of strata water (b) varying with depth in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图4 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组流体包裹体均一温度及盐度分布特征

Fig.4 Distribution characteristics of the homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions of the Huangliu Formation in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图5 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组及梅山组热液成因矿物镜下照片 a—LDX-6井,4 368.4 m,N1h,成岩晚期鞍状铁白云石胶结,铸体薄片;b—LDX-4井,3 902.7 m,N1h,成岩晚期菱铁矿胶结,铸体薄片;c—LDX-2井,4 178.0 m,N1m,成岩晚期团簇状黄铁矿胶结,铸体薄片;d—LDX-11井,4 167.5 m,N1h,重晶石,电子探针;e—LDX-11井,4 167.5 m,N1h,金红石,电子探针;f—LDX-4井,4 149.0 m,N1m,与黄铁矿伴生的磷灰石,电子探针;g—LDX-4井,4 149.0 m,N1m,重晶石,扫描电镜;h—LDX-4井,4 149.0 m,N1m,硫酸铜,扫描电镜;i—LDX-7井,3 997.8 m,N1h,硫酸铜,扫描电镜。

Fig.5 Microscopic photographs of hydrothermal minerals of the Huangliu and Meishan Formations in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图6 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组CO2稳定碳同位素随深度变化及分布特征

Fig.6 CO2 stable carbon isotope of the Huangliu Formation in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, varying with depth and its distribution characteristics

图7 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素随深度变化征及成因(碳酸盐成因图版引自文献[39])

Fig.7 Carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate cements of the Huangliu Formation in LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, varying with depth and their genesis. Carbonate genetic plate adapted from [39].

图8 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组黄铁矿铁同位素随铁元素含量变化图

Fig.8 Iron isotope of the Huangliu Formation in LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, varying with iron content of pyrite cements

图9 莺歌海盆地LDX区地震剖面(a)及LDX-7井埋藏热史图(b) T30为黄流组顶部地震反射面;T40为黄流组底部地震反射面。

Fig.9 Seismic section (a) and buried thermal history at well LDX-7 (b) in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图10 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组不同类型储层成岩作用及物性差异性对比图

Fig.10 Comparative diagram of diagenesis and physical properties of different types of reservoirs of the Huangliu Formation in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图11 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组超压及热超压储层特征图

Fig.11 Overpressure reservoir and thermal overpressure reservoir characteristics of the Huangliu Formation in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图12 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组储层成岩阶段主要矿物及孔隙类型镜下特征 a—LDX-7井,4 051.0 m,热超压储层,Ⅱ级石英加大边发育,单偏光;b—LDX-4井,3 762.5 m,超压储层,Ⅱ级石英加大边发育,单偏光;c—LDX-11井,热超压储层,4 168.7 m,丝发状伊利石与书页状高岭石胶结,扫描电镜;d—LDX-1井,3 760.0 m,超压储层,针叶状绿泥石胶结,扫描电镜;e—LDX-6井,4 368.4 m,热超压储层,孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,含量较高,单偏光;f—LDX-4井,3 710.4 m,超压储层,孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,含量较低,单偏光;g—LDX-4井,3 892.3 m,超压储层,铁方解石胶结,含量较高,单偏光;h—LDX-7井,4 051.0 m,热超压储层,铁方解石与铁白云石胶结,含量较低,单偏光。

Fig.12 Microscopic characteristics of the main minerals and pore types in the diagenetic stage of the Huangliu Formation reservoir in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin

图13 莺歌海盆地LDX区黄流组不同类型储层成岩-孔隙演化综合模式图(古压力演化据文献[48]修改)

Fig.13 Comprehensive model of diagenetic-pore evolutions of different types of reservoirs of the Huangliu Formation in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin. Evolution of ancient pressure modified after [48].

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深部热流体活动对储层成岩作用及孔隙演化的影响:以莺歌海盆地LDX区中新统黄流组为例

Deep thermal fluid activity and its influence on the diagenesis and pore evolution of reservoirs: A case study from the Miocene Huangliu Formation reservoir in the LDX area, Yinggehai Basin, northern South China Sea

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