西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.8.16

地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 322-331.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.8.16

西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应

马骏(), 宋金明^*(), 李学刚, 袁华茂, 李宁, 段丽琴, 王启栋

1.中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4. 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2019-01-09 修回日期:2019-04-08 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-07-25
通信作者: 宋金明
作者简介:马骏(1992—),男,博士研究生,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail: mjqdio@163.com
基金资助:
科学技术部科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100802);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19060401);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2016ASKJ14)

Effects of Y3 seamount on nutrients influencing the ecological environment in the Western Pacific Ocean

MA Jun(), SONG Jinming^*(), LI Xuegang, YUAN Huamao, LI Ning, DUAN Liqin, WANG Qidong

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2. Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Received:2019-01-09 Revised:2019-04-08 Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-07-25
Contact: SONG Jinming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为大洋典型地貌特征的海山,其邻近的海洋生境并不被人熟知。依据2014年冬季对热带西太平洋Y3海山及其邻近海域的综合调查,首次探讨了该海山区海水中营养盐的分布特征及其与生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明Y3海山区是典型的热带寡营养海域。在50~125 m的深度,温跃层和高盐区双重作用对底部高浓度营养盐向上输送的阻碍,是导致真光层上部营养盐浓度较低的重要原因;同时,浮游植物和异养细菌的消耗也加剧了该区域营养盐的缺乏。Y3海山突出的地形地貌对营养盐的分布产生重要的影响,海山对流经的海流产生阻碍,形成上升流,使底部高浓度的营养盐突破温跃层和高盐区的阻碍向上输送,从而使海山周围营养盐的平均浓度高于远离海山的海域。相关性分析显示,Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和异养细菌丰度分别呈负相关、正相关、负相关(除NO₂-N外)和负相关关系。海山区特殊的营养盐分布及其与生态环境的耦合是其成为一种独特的大洋生态系统的重要因素。

关键词: 西太平洋海山, 营养盐, 生态环境, 耦合关系

Abstract:

Seamount is a typical landform in the ocean, yet its surrounding habitat is poorly understood. Here, we report our study on the coupling relationships between nutrients and ecological environment through a comprehensive investigation on the Y3 seamount area of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean in the winter of 2014. The results showed that the Y3 seamount area is a typical tropical oligotrophic region. At 50-125 m depth, the combined effects of thermocline and high-salt area hinder the upward transport of high-concentration nutrients from the sea bottom, causing nutrient depletion in the upper part of the euphotic zone. Meanwhile, consumption of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria also reduces nutrients in this region. However, the abrupt topography of seamount plays an important role in nutrient distribution. The Y3 seamount obstructs the current to form an upwelling, which promotes the upward transport of high-concentration nutrients from the sea bottom to break through the barriers of thermocline and high-salt area; as a result, the average nutrient concentrations are higher around the seamount than further away. The correlation analysis showed that in the euphotic zone, the signs of correlation between nutrient concentration and temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration or heterotrophic bacteria abundance were (-), (+), (-) (except NO₂-N) and (-), respectively. Its distinct nutrient distribution, coupled with the ecological environment, makes seamount an important factor for the unique ocean ecosystem.

Key words: seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean, nutrients, ecological environment, coupling relationships

中图分类号:

P734.44
X145

马骏, 宋金明, 李学刚, 袁华茂, 李宁, 段丽琴, 王启栋. 西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(4): 322-331.

MA Jun, SONG Jinming, LI Xuegang, YUAN Huamao, LI Ning, DUAN Liqin, WANG Qidong. Effects of Y3 seamount on nutrients influencing the ecological environment in the Western Pacific Ocean[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(4): 322-331.

图/表 8

图1 Y3海山区及C断面的调查站位图红色虚线代表A断面。

Fig.1 Sampling stations in the Y3 seamount area and section C

图2 Y3海山区A、B断面中温度和盐度的分布 a—A断面温度;b—A断面盐度;c—B断面温度;d—B断面盐度。

Fig.2 Distributions of T and S in sections A and B in the Y3 seamount area

表1 Y3海山区不同水层营养盐浓度的范围和均值

Table 1 Ranges and averages of nutrient concentrations in different water layers of the Y3 seamount area

水深/m	NO₃-N浓度/(μmol·L^-1)		NO₂-N浓度/(μmol·L^-1)		PO₄-P浓度/(μmol·L^-1)		SiO₃-Si浓度/(μmol·L^-1)
水深/m	范围	均值	范围	均值	范围	均值	范围	均值
0	δ~0.27	0.04	δ~0.02	δ	δ~0.09	0.03	0.21~2.53	0.48
30	δ	δ	δ~0.02	δ	0.02~0.04	0.03	0.16~0.52	0.35
75	δ~0.40	0.05	δ~0.21	0.06	0.09~0.25	0.19	0.30~3.22	1.64
100	δ~12.35	2.43	0.01~0.38	0.24	0.16~1.14	0.41	1.32~11.45	3.80
150	3.29~14.11	9.36	0.03~0.08	0.05	0.78~1.58	1.05	11.36~24.46	14.47
200	3.19~26.34	16.12	0.02~0.07	0.05	0.81~2.16	1.50	10.59~40.35	24.32
总体	δ~26.34	4.67	δ~0.38	0.07	δ~2.16	0.53	0.160~40.35	7.51

图3 Y3海山区A、B断面营养盐的分布 a—A断面NO3-N;b—A断面NO2-N;c—A断面PO4-P;d—A断面SiO3-Si;e—B断面NO3-N;f—B断面NO2-N;g—B断面PO4-P;h—B断面SiO3-Si。

Fig.3 Distributions of nutrients in sections A and B of the Y3 seamount area

图4 Y3海山区A、B断面真光层中营养盐的平均浓度

Fig.4 Average concentrations of nutrients at different sampling stations in the euphotic zone of sections A and B of the Y3 seamount area

图5 Y3海山区与C断面在75、100和200 m水层及真光层中营养盐平均浓度比较 *表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

Fig.5 Comparisons of the Y3 seamount area vs. section C for the average nutrient concentrations in the water layers at 75, 100 and 200 m and in the euphotic zone

表2 Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度和异养细菌丰度的相关性

Table 2 Correlations between nutrient concentration and temperature,salinity,Chl a concentration or heterotrophic bacteria abundance in the euphotic zone of the Y3 seamount area

参数	NO₃-N浓度	NO₂-N浓度	PO₄-P浓度	SiO₃-Si浓度
温度	-0.795^**	-0.146	-0.934^**	-0.901^**
盐度	0.197	0.540^**	0.340^**	0.243^*
Chl a浓度	-0.243^*	0.385^**	-0.185	-0.236^*
异养细菌丰度	-0.673^**	-0.196	-0.792^**	-0.743^**

表3 Y3海山区不同水层Chl a浓度和异养细菌丰度的范围和均值

Table 3 Ranges and averages of Chl a concentrations and heterotrophic bacteria abundances in different water layers of the Y3 seamount area

水深/m	Chl a浓度/(mg·m^-3)		异养细菌丰度/(10⁵ cells·mL^-1)
水深/m	范围	均值	范围	均值
0	0.006~0.053	0.020	2.263~5.329	3.565
30	0.007~0.051	0.022	2.51~5.251	3.594
75	0.033~0.314	0.096	1.743~4.202	3.369
100	0.017~0.199	0.108	1.411~3.332	2.132
150	0.009~0.149	0.038	0.907~1.828	1.184
200	0.006~0.035	0.016	0.699~1.628	1.087
均值	0.006~0.314	0.050	0.699~5.329	2.488

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西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应

Effects of Y3 seamount on nutrients influencing the ecological environment in the Western Pacific Ocean

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