地学前缘 ›› 2009, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (6): 120-128.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

京山屈家岭地区全新世中晚期环境变化及其对人类活动的影响

史辰羲,莫多闻,毛龙江,刘辉   

  1. 1北京大学 城市与环境学院, 北京 100871
    2南京信息工程大学 大气科学学院, 江苏 南京 210044
    3湖北省文物考古研究所, 湖北 武汉 430077
  • 收稿日期:2009-09-27 修回日期:2009-11-19 出版日期:2009-12-16 发布日期:2009-12-10
  • 作者简介: 作者简介：史辰羲(1982—),男,博士研究生,环境演变与环境考古专业。Email: shichenxi@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40671016);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK21B02);国家青年科学基金项目(40901012)

The impact of middle to late Holocene environmental changes on human activities in the Qujialing region, Jingshan, Hubei Province.

 SHI Chen-Xi, MO Che-Wen, MAO Long-Jiang, LIU Hui   

  1. 1College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    2Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    3Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Wuhan 430077, China
  • Received:2009-09-27 Revised:2009-11-19 Online:2009-12-16 Published:2009-12-10
  • Supported by:

    The impact of middle to late Holocene environmental changes on human activities in the Qujialing region, Jingshan, Hubei Province.

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摘要：

通过对江汉平原北部的野外考察,结合屈家岭剖面粒度、Rb/Sr比值、磁化率和已有孢粉结果的综合分析,揭示了该地区全新世中晚期沉积环境和气候变化特征。结果表明,该剖面沉积物中粉砂(625~4 μm)、粘粒(<4 μm)约占其总量的95％以上,属于略含细砂的粘土质粉砂,概率累积曲线以三段式为主。结合地貌和岩性分析,确认该剖面以河流相沉积为主。沉积物粒度组成以粒径<30 μm组分为主,同黄土的众数组分类似。也有部分样品的概率累积曲线呈现出北方黄土和下蜀黄土多见的两段式,但概率累计曲线段的斜率和中、细粒组分的相对含量都同黄土有差异。粒度组成方面同黄土沉积的某些相似特征说明,青木垱河流域广泛分布的黄土沉积可能影响了该剖面的沉积特征。沉积样品的磁化率、Rb/Sr比值和已有的孢粉分析结果反映的气候变化趋势基本上是同步的。52 ka BP以来屈家岭遗址附近区域气候变化可以分成3个阶段:52~42 ka BP期间,是较为温暖湿润的时期,水热条件好于现在,后期暖湿程度有波动性降低的趋势;42 ka BP开始气候暖湿程度明显下降,气候转向干凉;20 ka BP以来,本地区气候暖湿程度有所回升。该地区包括气候在内的环境变化,一定程度上影响了新石器晚期文化的演化历史。

关键词: 屈家岭;全新世中晚期;环境变化;人类活动

Abstract:

The Qujialing site is a representative Neolithic archaeological site on the east of lower reaches of Hanjiang River, ~130 km from the Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. Synthetic analyses of grainsize, Rb/Sr ratio, magnetic susceptibility and pollen of sedimentary samples from Qujialing profile near the Qujialing site revealed the depositional process and characteristics, and climate changes since 52 ka BP in this area. The sediments were dominantly consisted of silt and clay of percentage over 95%, and that the <30 μm particle group was the “dominant group”. The grainsize probability cumulative curves were characterized by threesegment pattern except a small number of doublesegment pattern. The average ratio of Rb/Sr in the 5th layer was 13, which was generally higher than that in 14 layers (098). Magnetic susceptibility values were in the range of (5341499)×10-8 m3·kg-1. Three pollen zones were divided from bottom topwards. The depositional characteristics showed that there were some similarities between the sediments of Qujialing profile and loess, because many of the sediments were derived from the loessic materials in upper drainage area of the Qingmudang River. But the dominant sedimentary facies of Qujialing profile was fluvial facies based on the grain size analyses, field observation and the geomorphic place. By means of magnetic susceptibility, Rb/Sr ratio and pollen analyses, the climate changes were divided into three periods during the midlate Holocene: from 52 ka BP to 42 ka BP, the temperature and precipitation were higher than present in this area, but the climate turned into cool and arid with fluctuations at the end of that time; 4220 ka BP was a coolarid period; a relatively warmwet period occurred after 20 ka BP. Both of the climate and hydrological changes may have been the controlling factors of the collapse of the late Neolithic Culture in the Qujialing region.

Key words: Qujialing; middle and late Holocene; environmental changes; Human activities