地学前缘 ›› 2008, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 194-202.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江水系河水主要离子化学特征

  

  1. 1中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
    2中国地质科学院 国家地质实验测试中心, 北京 100037
    3南京大学 地球科学系, 江苏 南京 210093
    4河海大学 环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 210098

  • 出版日期:2008-05-02 发布日期:2008-05-02
  • 作者简介:夏学齐(1979—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事环境地球化学方面的教学与研究
  • 基金资助:

    中国地质调查局国土资源调查项目(GZTR20060201,GZTR20070201,GZTR20050201)

Major ion chemistry in the Yangtze River.

  1. 1School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
    3Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
    4College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

  • Online:2008-05-02 Published:2008-05-02

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摘要：

2007年夏季采集了长江从上游沱沱河至入海口的干流原水样品36个,长江各主要支流水样品40个,分析了江水Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、HCO-3、SO2-4、Cl-离子含量及溶解性SiO2等溶质成分。结果显示，长江流域水系离子化学组成主要受碳酸盐和蒸发岩风化控制,长江上游水离子化学呈现阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4为主的蒸发岩类风化控制特征,但随着采样点位下移,离子含量逐渐呈现阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO-3为主的逐渐向碳酸盐风化过渡的特征;从时间变化上看,与20世纪50年代至1990年长江水离子化学数据相比,以Na+、K+、SO2-4和Cl-为代表的所有阴阳离子均有明显增加;从通量上看,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖是长江离子两个最大的输入源,除洞庭湖和鄱阳湖外的其他长江各大支流中,岷江是长江Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-和HCO-3的最大输入源,嘉陵江是SO2-4和溶解性SiO2的最大输入源;在几大世界河流中,长江是对海洋Mg2+、SO2-4和Cl-的输入通量最大的河流,Ca2+和HCO-3通量仅次于亚马逊河。

关键词: 长江;地球化学;常量离子;风化;通量

Abstract:

 36 water samples were collected in the main Yangtze River channel and 40 in its tributaries. Concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO-3,SO2-4,Cl-and SiO2 in the water samples were determined. It was found that the chemistry of the Yangtze River is dominated by the weathering of carbonates and evaporites with high K+, Na+, Cl- and SO2-4 concentrations in the upstream of the Yangtze River, i.e. Tuotuohe, Tongtianhe and Jinshajiang, and Ca2+ and HCO-3 dominating the cations and anions in the middle and lower stream of the Yangtze River; All the major ions in Yangtze River water, especially Na+,K+,SO2-4 and Cl-, have increased significantly compared with data acquired from 1950s to 1990; Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are the first two ion sources of the main Yangtze River channel. Besides the two lakes, the Minjiang River is the first source for Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F- and HCO-3, and the Jialing River is the first source for SO2-4 and dissolved SiO2; the Yangtze River is the biggest source of Mg2+, SO2-4 and Cl- for the ocean, and its fluxes for Ca2+ and HCO-3 is next to the Amazon River.

Key words:

Key words: Yangtze River; geochemistry; major ion chemistry; weathering; flux

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