北秦岭公家坪金矿床Au-Ag-Te-(Bi)矿物的发现及其地质意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.yx.2025.1.26

地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 105-126.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.yx.2025.1.26

• 战略矿产成因机制与金属富集 • 上一篇下一篇

北秦岭公家坪金矿床Au-Ag-Te-(Bi)矿物的发现及其地质意义

葛战林¹^,²^,³(), 高永宝¹^,²^,^*(), 章永梅³^,^*(), 顾雪祥³^,⁴, 郑艳荣¹^,², 马承¹^,², 郝迪¹^,², 董阳阳¹^,², 冯李强⁵

1.中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心, 陕西西安 710100
2.中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心, 陕西西安 710100
3.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
4.新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府国家305项目办公室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
5.中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心, 北京 100055

收稿日期:2024-12-09 修回日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通信作者: *高永宝(1982—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事区域成矿及矿床学研究。E-mail: gaoyongbao2006@126.com；章永梅(1984—),女,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿床学及矿床地球化学研究。E-mail: zhangyongmei@cugb.edu.cn
作者简介:葛战林(1992—),男,博士研究生,工程师,地质工程专业,主要从事矿床学及矿床地球化学研究。E-mail: gezhanlin@163.com
基金资助:
自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金项目(KC20240006);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2024JC-YBQN-0349);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130804);中国地质调查局项目(DD20251166);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230060);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2023B03016);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”计划项目

Discovery and geological significance of Au-Ag-Te-(Bi) minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit in the North Qinling terrane

GE Zhanlin¹^,²^,³(), GAO Yongbao¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Yongmei³^,^*(), GU Xuexiang³^,⁴, ZHENG Yanrong¹^,², MA Cheng¹^,², HAO Di¹^,², DONG Yangyang¹^,², FENG Liqiang⁵

1. Xi’an Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, China
2. Technology Innovation Center for Gold Ore Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, China
3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4. National 305 Project Office, People’s Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ürümqi 830000, China
5. Command Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China

Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-04-07 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-01-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公家坪金矿是北秦岭新近勘查的一处中型金矿床,矿体以石英脉型为主,产于中—晚三叠世花岗(斑)岩的NW-NWW向脆韧性断层中。矿石以富Au-Ag-Te-(Bi)矿物为特征,然而关于其矿物共生组合、成矿物理化学条件及金的富集机理尚不清楚。显微矿相学观察和电子探针分析表明:公家坪金矿床的碲化物有碲金银矿、碲银矿、六方碲银矿、碲铅矿、碲铋矿、辉碲铋矿和硫碲铋矿B;金矿物以含金碲化物和自然金为主,且自然金成色为835~889,平均值为855。矿物共生关系、流体包裹体及热力学相图研究结果显示:主成矿阶段石英中的原生流体包裹体主要有3种类型,即H₂O-NaCl包裹体(W型)、CO₂-H₂O-NaCl包裹体(C型)和纯CO₂包裹体(PC型);成矿流体总体属于中温(180~320 ℃)、低盐度(0.7%~8.7%)、中酸性、低氧逸度、高碲逸度及相对低硫逸度的偏还原CO₂-H₂O-NaCl±CH₄体系。其中,热液成矿期Ⅱ阶段以富铋-(硫)碲化物(碲铋矿+辉碲铋矿+硫碲铋矿B)为特征,含矿热液的pH=4.1~6.2、logfO₂=-42.0~-36.5、logfTe₂=-13.2~-10.5和logfS₂=-14.4~-11.1;Ⅲ阶段发育大量Au-Ag-(Pb)-Te矿物(自然金+碲金银矿+碲银矿+六方碲银矿+碲铅矿),成矿流体的pH=4.1~5.7、logfO₂=-42.0~-36.5、logfTe₂=-10.5~-9.5和logfS₂=-14.4~-11.9。富Au-Ag-Te熔体对热液中金的抽提,可能是导致金发生富集沉淀的关键机制。

关键词: 富集机制, 矿物共生组合, 碲化物, 公家坪金矿床, 北秦岭

Abstract:

The Gongjiaping is a recently defined, middle-sized gold deposit in the North Qinling terrane. Ore bodies occur primarily as quartz veins within the NW- to NWW-trending brittle-ductile faults. The ores are characterized by an Au-Ag-Te-(Bi) mineral assemblage; however, the textures of this assemblage, the ore-forming physicochemical conditions, and the mechanisms of gold enrichment remain poorly constrained. Integrated micro-mineralogical observations and electron microprobe analysis reveal that tellurides are predominately petzite, hessite, stützite, altaite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, and joseite-B. Gold occurs mainly in gold-bearing tellurides and as native gold, with a fineness of 835-889 (mean of 855). The physicochemical conditions of the metallogenic fluids at different stages were reconstructed based on mineral equilibria diagrams and fluid inclusion analysis. Three primary types of fluid inclusions were identified in main-ore stage quartz: H₂O-NaCl inclusions (type W), CO₂-H₂O-NaCl inclusions (type C), and pure CO₂ inclusions (type PC). The ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium temperature (180-320 ℃), low salinity (0.7%-8.7%), medium-to-low pH, low oxygen fugacity, high tellurium fugacity, relatively low sulfur fugacity, and belonged to a reduced CO₂-H₂O-NaCl±CH₄ system. The metallogenic fluid of stage Ⅱ has pH, logfO₂, logfTe₂, and logfS₂ values ranging from 4.1 to 6.2, -42.0 to -36.5, -13.2 to -10.5, and -14.4 to -11.1, respectively, with typical Bi-Te-(S) mineral assemblages of tellurobismuthite+tetradymite+joseite-B. Nevertheless, plenty of Au-Ag-(Pb)-Bi minerals (native gold+petzite+hessite+stützite+altaite) are present in the stage Ⅲ veins, which formed at the conditions of pH=4.1-5.7, logfO₂=-42.0--36.5, logfTe₂=-10.5--9.5, and logfS₂=-14.4--11.9. Our results suggest that the scavenging of Au from hydrothermal fluids by Au-Ag-Te-rich melts was a key mechanism for gold enrichment and precipitation in the Gongjiaping gold deposit.

Key words: enrichment mechanism, mineral association, tellurides, Gongjiaping gold deposit, North Qinling terrane

中图分类号:

葛战林, 高永宝, 章永梅, 顾雪祥, 郑艳荣, 马承, 郝迪, 董阳阳, 冯李强. 北秦岭公家坪金矿床Au-Ag-Te-(Bi)矿物的发现及其地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 105-126.

GE Zhanlin, GAO Yongbao, ZHANG Yongmei, GU Xuexiang, ZHENG Yanrong, MA Cheng, HAO Di, DONG Yangyang, FENG Liqiang. Discovery and geological significance of Au-Ag-Te-(Bi) minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit in the North Qinling terrane[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(2): 105-126.

图/表 17

图1 中国构造单元划分(a)、秦岭造山带主要构造单元(b)和丰北河—杨斜地区地质简图(c)(图a据文献[29]修改;图b据文献[30]修改;图c据文献[38]修改) 1—上白垩统山阳组;2—下石炭统二峪河组;3—上泥盆统桐峪寺组;4—中上泥盆统青石垭组;5—中泥盆统池沟组;6—下古生界罗汉寺组;7—下古生界丹凤岩群;8—中—新元古界松树沟组;9—古元古界郭庄岩组;10—侏罗纪二长花岗岩;11—三叠纪二长花岗岩;12—三叠纪石英二长岩;13—三叠纪花岗闪长岩;14—早古生代二长花岗岩;15—志留纪石英闪长岩;16—志留纪辉长岩;17—新元古代闪长岩;18—新元古代杨斜片麻岩套;19—花岗岩脉;20—地质界线;21—断层;22—韧性断层;23—韧性剪切带;24—钨矿床及矿点;25—钨金矿床及矿点;26—金矿床及矿点。

Fig.1 Tectonic subdivisions of China, showing the location of the Qinling orogen (a), tectonic subdivisions of the Qinling orogen (b), and geological sketch map of the Fengbeihe-Yangxie area (c). Modified after [29-30,38].

图2 公家坪金矿区地质简图 1—第四系;2—下古生界丹凤岩群;3—中元古界柞水岩群b段;4—高碥沟单元花岗斑岩;5—雪花沟单元黑云母二长花岗岩;6—西川街单元斑状黑云母二长花岗岩;7—老安寺单元斑状黑云母二长花岗岩;8—平沟脑单元黑云母花岗岩;9—北河街单元石英闪长岩;10—火纸厂单元闪长岩;11—花岗岩脉;12—细晶岩脉;13—云煌岩脉;14—基性岩脉;15—石英脉;16—蚀变带;17—金矿体及编号;18—韧性剪切带;19—脆韧性断层;20—平移断层;21—勘探线及编号;22—地名。

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图3 公家坪金矿区银沟矿段0号勘探线(a)和石门沟矿段4号勘探线(b)剖面图

Fig.3 Cross-sections of prospecting line 0 in the Yingou segment (a) and line 4 in the Shimengou segment (b) in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图4 公家坪金矿床典型矿体与矿石特征 a—石英(Qtz1)-黄铁矿±钾长石脉受NWW向断裂控制;b—石英(Qtz2)-多金属硫化物-碲化物脉呈NW向,斜切NWW向石英-黄铁矿脉;c—石英(Qtz3)-多金属硫化物-碲化物-钨酸盐脉受NWW向断裂控制,两侧为蚀变岩型矿石;d—石英脉型金矿石,黄铁矿呈粗粒自形-半自形粒状分布;e—石英脉型金矿石,细粒多金属硫化物呈稀疏浸染状分布;f—石英脉型金钨矿石,细粒硫化物与钨酸盐矿物呈稀疏浸染状分布;g—半自形黄铁矿包裹于闪锌矿中,黄铜矿与方铅矿充填于黄铁矿粒间或裂隙;h—硫化物与钨酸盐矿物共生,白钨矿呈脉状交代自形板状黑钨矿;i—蚀变花岗岩,以黄铁矿化、绢云母化和萤石化为主。Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Sp—闪锌矿;Wf—黑钨矿;Sch—白钨矿;Thr—黝铜矿;Qtz—石英;Kfs—钾长石;Cal—方解石;Ser—绢云母;Fl—萤石。

Fig.4 Characteristics of typical ore bodies and ores in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图5 公家坪金矿床金属矿物生成顺序

Fig.5 Paragenesis of metallic minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图6 公家坪金矿床自然金赋存状态与共生矿物组合 a-e—包体金,自然金与碲银矿、碲金银矿共生,包裹于黝铜矿内部;f—包体金,自然金与碲银矿、碲金银矿共生,包裹于碲银矿内部;g—包体金,自然金与碲铅矿共生,包裹于黄铜矿内部;h—裂隙金,自然金赋存于黄铁矿裂隙中;i—粒间金,自然金赋存于黄铁矿与黄铜矿颗粒之间。Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Sp—闪锌矿;Thr—黝铜矿;Au—自然金;Ptz—碲金银矿;Hes—碲银矿;Alt—碲铅矿。

Fig.6 Photomicrographs showing the native gold occurrences and mineral assemblages in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

表1 公家坪金矿床自然金电子探针分析结果

Table 1 EPA data for native gold from the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图7 公家坪金矿床金-银-(铅)-碲矿物显微特征 a, b, d, e—碲银矿与碲金银矿、碲铅矿共生,包裹于黄铜矿中(反射光+BSE图像);c—碲银矿、碲金银矿及六方碲银矿呈包裹体形式产于硫化物内部(BSE图像);f—六方碲银矿包裹于方铅矿中(BSE图像);g—碲铅矿与方铅矿共生,包裹于黄铁矿中(反射光);h—硫碲铋矿B与Ag-Te-S-Pb混合物产于方铅矿中(BSE图像);i—图h蓝线框放大视域,Ag-Te-S-Pb混合物由明暗相间的矿物交织而成(SEM图像);j-l—Ag-Te-S-Pb混合物不同位置的能谱图。Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Ptz—碲金银矿;Hes—碲银矿;Stz—六方碲银矿;Alt—碲铅矿;Jst-B—硫碲铋矿B;Qtz—石英。

Fig.7 Microscopic features of Au-Ag-(Pb)-Te minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

表2 公家坪金矿床金-银-(铅)-碲系列矿物电子探针分析结果

Table 2 EPMA data for Au-Ag-(Pb)-Te minerals from the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图8 公家坪金矿床铋-(硫)碲化物显微特征 a—碲铋矿呈浑圆状包裹体产于方铅矿中;b—碲铋矿呈叶片状产于方铅矿中,且与碲铅矿紧密共生;c—辉碲铋矿呈叶片状产于方铅矿中;d—辉碲铋矿呈自形晶产于方铅矿与黄铁矿粒间。Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Thr—黝铜矿;Sch—白钨矿;Tlb—碲铋矿;Ttr—辉碲铋矿;Qtz—石英。

Fig.8 Microscopic features of Bi-Te-(S) minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

表3 公家坪金矿床铋-(硫)碲化物矿物电子探针分析结果

Table 3 EPMA data for Bi-Te-(S) minerals from the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图9 公家坪金矿床流体包裹体显微照片 a—C1型与W型包裹体共存;b—CO2充填度不同的C1型包裹体共存;c—C1型、PC型及W型包裹体共存;d—C1型与W型包裹体共存;e—C1型、C2型及共生的PC型包裹体;f—C1型、C2型及W型包裹体共存。 L H 2 O—液相H2O; V H 2 O—气相H2O; L C O 2—液相CO2; V C O 2—气相CO2;Qtz2—Ⅱ阶段石英;Qtz3—Ⅲ阶段石英。

Fig.9 Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

表4 公家坪金矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果

Table 4 Microthermometric data of fluid inclusions in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

成矿阶段	类型	$T m - C O 2$ /℃	T_m-clathrate/℃	$T h - C O 2$ /℃	T_m-ice/℃	T_h-total/℃
成矿阶段	类型	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数
Ⅱ	W型		7.0~8.0/7.5/16		-2.8~-0.4/-1.7/20	131~259/203/37
	C型	-61.3~-56.1/-57.1/20	5.2~7.9/7.0/20	28.9~31.0/30.3/21		221~323/285/21
	PC型	-60.1~-56.8/-58.0/4		19.1~29.2/24.5/4
Ⅲ	W型		7.6~8.8/8.1/5		-4.8~-0.6/-2.0/16	162~260/198/24
	C型	-61.3~-56.0/-57.8/19	6.2~8.4/7.4/20	24.0~31.0/30.2/20		243~345/286/20
	PC型	-58.8~-57.1/-57.9/13		15.3~29.2/24.4/13

表4 公家坪金矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果

Table 4 Microthermometric data of fluid inclusions in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

成矿阶段	类型	$T m - C O 2$ /℃	T_m-clathrate/℃	$T h - C O 2$ /℃	T_m-ice/℃	T_h-total/℃
成矿阶段	类型	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数	范围/均值/测定数
Ⅱ	W型		7.0~8.0/7.5/16		-2.8~-0.4/-1.7/20	131~259/203/37
	C型	-61.3~-56.1/-57.1/20	5.2~7.9/7.0/20	28.9~31.0/30.3/21		221~323/285/21
	PC型	-60.1~-56.8/-58.0/4		19.1~29.2/24.5/4
Ⅲ	W型		7.6~8.8/8.1/5		-4.8~-0.6/-2.0/16	162~260/198/24
	C型	-61.3~-56.0/-57.8/19	6.2~8.4/7.4/20	24.0~31.0/30.2/20		243~345/286/20
	PC型	-58.8~-57.1/-57.9/13		15.3~29.2/24.4/13

图10 公家坪金矿床流体包裹体均一温度(a, c)与盐度(b, d)频数直方图

Fig.10 Histograms of homogenization temperatures (a, c) and salinities (b, d) of fluid inclusions in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图11 公家坪金矿床自然金与碲化物Au-Ag-Te-Pb-Bi-S图解

Fig.11 Au-Ag-Te-Pb-Bi-S diagram showing native gold and telluride assemblages in the Gongjiaping gold deposit

图12 公家坪金矿床Au-Ag-Te矿物logfTe2-T图解(据文献[62]修改) Au—自然金;AuTe2—碲金矿;AuAg3Te2—碲金银矿;Ag2Te—碲银矿;Ag—自然银。

Fig.12 logfTe2-T diagram of Au-Ag-Te minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit. Modified after [62].

图13 240 ℃条件下Fe-Cu-O-S体系logfO2-pH图解(a)和硫化物-碲化物logfTe2-logfS2图解(b)(据文献[65]修改) Pyrite—黄铁矿;Pyrrhotite—磁黄铁矿;Hematite—赤铁矿;Magnetite—磁铁矿;Hessite—碲银矿;Bn—斑铜矿;Py—黄铁矿;Cpy—黄铜矿;Po—磁黄铁矿;Kao—高岭石;Ser—绢云母;Kf—钾长石;Au—自然金;AuTe2—碲金矿;AuAg3Te2—碲金银矿;Ag2Te—碲银矿;Ag2S—辉银矿;Bi—自然铋;Bi2Te3—碲铋矿;Bi2S3—辉铋矿;PbTe—碲铅矿;PbS—方铅矿。

Fig.13 logfO2-pH diagram showing stability relationship in the Fe-Cu-O-S system at 240 ℃ (a) and logfTe2-logfS2 diagram for sulfide-telluride equilibrium at 240 ℃ (b). Modified after [65].

参考文献 86

[1]	BA L A, DÖRING M, JAMIER V, et al. Tellurium: an element with great biological potency and potential[J]. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2010, 8(19): 4203-4216.
[2]	ZWEIBEL K. The impact of tellurium supply on cadmium telluride photovoltaics[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5979): 699-701. DOI URL
[3]	翟明国, 吴福元, 胡瑞忠, 等. 战略性关键金属矿产资源: 现状与问题[J]. 中国科学基金, 2019, 33(2): 106-111.
[4]	侯增谦, 陈骏, 翟明国. 战略性关键矿产研究现状与科学前沿[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(33): 3651-3652.
[5]	涂光炽. 初论碲的成矿问题[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2000, 19(4): 211-214.
[6]	COOK N J, CIOBANU C L, SPRY P G, et al. Understanding gold-(silver)-telluride-(selenide) mineral deposits[J]. Episodes, 2009, 32(4): 249-263. DOI URL
[7]	刘家军, 翟德高, 王大钊, 等. Au-(Ag)-Te-Se成矿系统与成矿作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(2): 79-98. DOI
[8]	国显正, 周涛发, 范裕. 碲的成矿作用及研究进展[J]. 岩石学报, 2023, 39(10): 3139-3155.
[9]	李文昌, 李建威, 谢桂青, 等. 中国关键矿产现状、研究内容与资源战略分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 1-13. DOI
[10]	周涛发, 范裕, 陈静, 等. 长江中下游成矿带关键金属矿产研究现状与进展[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(33): 3665-3677.
[11]	葛战林, 章永梅, 顾雪祥, 等. 叶碲金矿在我国的首次发现及其成因意义[J]. 矿物学报, 2025, 45(1): 82-97.
[12]	MUELLER A G, HAGEMANN S G, BRUGGER J, et al. Early Fimiston and late Oroya Au-Te ore, Paringa South mine, Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie: 4. mineralogical and thermodynamic constraints on gold deposition by magmatic fluids at 420-300 ℃ and 300 MPa[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2020, 55(4): 767-796. DOI
[13]	KEITH M, SMITH D J, JENKIN G R T, et al. A review of Te and Se systematics in hydrothermal pyrite from precious metal deposits: insights into ore-forming processes[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2018, 96: 269-282. DOI URL
[14]	SCHERBARTH N L, SPRY P G. Mineralogical, petrological, stable isotope, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Tuvatu gold-silver telluride deposit, Fiji: comparisons with the Emperor deposit[J]. Economic Geology, 2006, 101(1): 135-158. DOI URL
[15]	ZHAI D G, WILLIAMS-JONES A E, LIU J J, et al. Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and multiple isotope (H-O-S-Pb) constraints on the genesis of the Sandaowanzi epithermal Au-Ag-Te deposit, NE China[J]. Economic Geology, 2018, 113(6): 1359-1382. DOI URL
[16]	WENG G M, LIU J J, CARRANZA E J M, et al. Mineralogy and geochemistry of tellurides, selenides and sulfides from the Zhaishang gold deposit, western Qinling, China: implications for metallogenic processes[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2023, 244: 105536. DOI URL
[17]	COOK N J, CIOBANU C L, MAO J W. Textural control on gold distribution in As-free pyrite from the Dongping, Huangtuliang and Hougou gold deposits, North China Craton (Hebei Province, China)[J]. Chemical Geology, 2009, 264(1/2/3/4): 101-121. DOI URL
[18]	CABRI L J. Phase relations in the Au-Ag-Te systems and their mineralogical significance[J]. Economic Geology, 1965, 60(8): 1569-1606. DOI URL
[19]	AFIFI A M, KELLY W C, ESSENE E J. Phase relations among tellurides, sulfides, and oxides: I. Thermochemical data and calculated equilibria[J]. Economic Geology, 1988, 83(2): 377-394. DOI URL
[20]	QIU K F, YU H C, DENG J, et al. The giant Zaozigou orogenic Au-Sb deposit in West Qinling, China: magmatic or metamorphic origin[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2020, 55(2): 345-362. DOI
[21]	SIMON G, ESSENE E J. Phase relations among selenides, sulfides, tellurides, and oxides: I. Thermodynamic properties and calculated equilibria[J]. Economic Geology, 1996, 91(7): 1183-1208. DOI URL
[22]	胡新露, 姚书振, 何谋惷, 等. 富碲化物金矿床中碲的成矿作用研究进展[J]. 地球科学, 2021, 46(11): 3807-3817.
[23]	YIN C, LIU J J, CARRANZA E J M, et al. Mineralogical constraints on the genesis of the Dahu quartz vein-style Au-Mo deposit, Xiaoqinling gold district, China: implications for phase relationships and physicochemical conditions[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2019, 113: 103107. DOI URL
[24]	CHANG M, LIU J J, CARRANZA E J M, et al. Gold-telluride-sulfide association in the Jinqu Au deposit, Xiaoqinling region, Central China: implications for ore-forming conditions and processes[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 125: 103687. DOI URL
[25]	JIAN W, MAO J W, LEHMANN B, et al. Au-Ag-Te-rich melt inclusions in hydrothermal gold-quartz veins, Xiaoqinling lode gold district, Central China[J]. Economic Geology, 2021, 116(5): 1239-1248. DOI URL
[26]	XIA Q, LIU J J, LI Y S, et al. Mineral paragenesis of the Anfangba gold deposit, western Qinling Orogen, China: implication for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions and the liquid bismuth collector model[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 139: 104502. DOI URL
[27]	ZHAO S R, YU X H, LI J W, et al. Early Mesozoic orogenic gold mineralization in the North Qinling Terrane: insights from rutile U-Pb, mica and K-feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, and H-O-S-Pb isotopes of the Yangxie gold deposit[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2023, 159: 105539. DOI URL
[28]	MENG Q R, ZHANG G W. Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, Central China[J]. Tectonophysics, 2000, 323(3/4): 183-196. DOI URL
[29]	ZHOU Z J, CHEN Y J, JIANG S Y, et al. Geology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Wenyu gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold field, Qinling Orogen, southern margin of North China Craton[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2014, 59: 1-20. DOI URL
[30]	DONG Y P, SANTOSH M. Tectonic architecture and multiple orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 29(1): 1-40. DOI URL
[31]	DONG Y P, ZHANG G W, NEUBAUER F, et al. Tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogen, China: review and synthesis[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2011, 41(3): 213-237. DOI URL
[32]	张国伟, 郭安林, 董云鹏, 等. 关于秦岭造山带[J]. 地质力学学报, 2019, 25(5): 746-768.
[33]	姚书振, 丁振举, 周宗桂, 等. 秦岭造山带金属成矿系统[J]. 地球科学, 2002, 27(5): 599-604.
[34]	MAO J W, PIRAJNO F, XIANG J F, et al. Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the east Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt: characteristics and tectonic settings[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2011, 43(1): 264-293. DOI URL
[35]	何进忠, 丁振举, 朱永新, 等. 甘肃西秦岭矿床成矿系列及其量化评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 218-234. DOI
[36]	谷浩, 杨泽强, 高猛, 等. 河南围山城金银矿集区三维地质建模与成矿预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 245-259. DOI
[37]	张晓飞, 唐相伟, 庞振山, 等. 河南桐柏围山城地区金矿找矿预测综合信息模型构建与靶区预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 357-370. DOI
[38]	葛战林, 高永宝, 郑艳荣, 等. 东秦岭杨斜金矿区石英闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2022, 42(4): 598-612.
[39]	李维成, 董王仓, 朱雪丽, 等. 陕西主要成矿单元矿产特征及成矿时空域[J]. 矿床地质, 2022, 41(5): 1009-1024.
[40]	赵东宏, 杨忠堂, 李宗会, 等. 秦岭成矿带成矿地质背景及优势矿产成矿规律[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019: 1-401.
[41]	李万生. 杨斜断裂以南元古代古侵入体的厘定及其地质意义[J]. 陕西地质, 1996, 14(2): 22-32.
[42]	刘军锋, 孙勇, 孙卫东. 秦岭拉鸡庙镁铁质岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学研究[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(2): 320-330.
[43]	孙卫东, 李曙光, CHEN Y D, 等. 南秦岭花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J]. 地球化学, 2000, 29(3): 209-216.
[44]	王非, 朱日祥, 李齐, 等. 秦岭造山带的差异隆升特征: 花岗岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学研究的证据[J]. 地学前缘, 2004, 11(4): 445-459.
[45]	弓虎军, 朱赖民, 孙博亚, 等. 南秦岭沙河湾、曹坪和柞水岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(2): 248-264.
[46]	JIANG Y H, JIN G D, LIAO S Y, et al. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Late Triassic granitoids from the Qinling orogen, Central China: implications for a continental arc to continent-continent collision[J]. Lithos, 2010, 117(1/2/3/4): 183-197. DOI URL
[47]	刘春花, 吴才来, 郜源红, 等. 南秦岭麻池河乡和沙河湾花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成[J]. 地学前缘, 2013, 20(5): 36-56.
[48]	HU F Y, LIU S W, ZHANG W Y, et al. A westward propagating slab tear model for Late Triassic Qinling Orogenic Belt geodynamic evolution: insights from the petrogenesis of the Caoping and Shahewan intrusions, Central China[J]. Lithos, 2016, 262: 486-506. DOI URL
[49]	LU Y H, ZHAO Z F, ZHENG Y F. Geochemical constraints on the nature of magma sources for Triassic granitoids from South Qinling in Central China[J]. Lithos, 2017, 284: 30-49.
[50]	LI J Z, LIU J J, DE FOURESTIER J, et al. Wolframite geochronology and scheelite geochemistry of the Yangwuchang W-Au deposit and Dashegou W deposit in the Yangxie ore district, the North Qinling, China: implications for W-Au mineralization[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2023, 155: 105359. DOI URL
[51]	COOK N J, CIOBANU C L. Tellurides in Au deposits: implications for modelling[M]// Mineral Deposit Research:Meeting the Global Challenge. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005: 1387-1390.
[52]	HALL D L, STERNER S M, BODNAR R J. Freezing point depression of NaCl-KCl-H₂O solutions[J]. Economic Geology, 1988, 83(1): 197-202. DOI URL
[53]	刘斌, 段光贤. NaCl-H₂O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用[J]. 矿物学报, 1987, 7(4): 345-352.
[54]	BROWN P E. FLINCOR: a microcomputer program for the reduction and investigation of fluid-inclusion data[J]. American Mineralogist, 1989, 74: 1390-1393.
[55]	刘家军, 王大钊, 翟德高, 等. 低熔点亲铜元素(LMCE)熔体超常富集贵金属的机制及其识别标志[J]. 岩石学报, 2021, 37(9): 2629-2656.
[56]	刘家军, 王大钊, 翟德高, 等. 低熔点亲铜元素(LMCE)在金成矿中的作用及促进金富集的机理[J]. 矿床地质, 2024, 43(4): 712-734.
[57]	CIOBANU C L, COOK N J, PRING A. Bismuth tellurides as gold scavengers[M]//MAO J W, BIERLEIN F P. Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005: 1383-1386.
[58]	ZHOU H Y, SUN X M, FU Y, et al. Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Bi-minerals: constraints on ore genesis of the Beiya giant porphyry-skarn gold deposit, southwestern China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2016, 79: 408-424. DOI URL
[59]	ALFONSO P, CCOLQQUE E, GARCIA-VALLES M, et al. Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Au-Ag-Te-(Bi-Se) San Luis Alta deposit, Mid-South Peru[J]. Minerals, 2023, 13(4): 568.
[60]	DENG J, WANG Q F, SUN X, et al. Tibetan ore deposits: a conjunction of accretionary orogeny and continental collision[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2022, 235: 104245. DOI URL
[61]	CEPEDAL A, FUERTES-FUENTE M, MARTÍN-IZARD A, et al. Tellurides, selenides and Bi-mineral assemblages from the Río Narcea Gold Belt, Asturias, Spain: genetic implications in Cu-Au and Au skarns[J]. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006, 87(3): 277-304. DOI URL
[62]	BORTNIKOV N S, KRAMER Kh, GENKIN A D, et al. Paragenesis of gold and silver tellurides in the Florencia deposit, CUBA[J]. International Geology Review, 1988, 30(3): 294-306. DOI URL
[63]	CIOBANU C L, BIRCH W D, COOK N J, et al. Petrogenetic significance of Au-Bi-Te-S associations: the example of Maldon, Central Victorian gold province, Australia[J]. Lithos, 2010, 116(1/2): 1-17. DOI URL
[64]	FENG H X, SHEN P, ZHU R X, et al. Bi/Te control on gold mineralizing processes in the North China Craton: insights from the Wulong gold deposit[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2023, 58(2): 263-286. DOI
[65]	WANG D Z, ZHEN S M, LIU J J, et al. Mineral paragenesis and hydrothermal evolution of the Dabaiyang tellurium-gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: constraints from fluid inclusions, H-O-He-Ar isotopes, and physicochemical conditions[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 130: 103904. DOI URL
[66]	FROST B R, MAVROGENES J A, TOMKINS A G. Partial melting of sulfide ore deposits during medium- and high-grade metamorphism[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2002, 40(1): 1-18. DOI URL
[67]	TOOTH B, BRUGGER J, CIOBANU C, et al. Modeling of gold scavenging by bismuth melts coexisting with hydrothermal fluids[J]. Geology, 2008, 36(10): 815-818. DOI URL
[68]	QIU K F, DENG J, HE D Y, et al. Evidence of vertical slab tearing in the Late Triassic Qinling Orogen (Central China) from multiproxy geochemical and isotopic imaging[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2023, 128(4): e2022JB025514.
[69]	DOUGLAS N, MAVROGENES J, HACK A, et al. The liquid bismuth collector model: an alternative gold deposition mechanism[C]// 15th Australian Geological Convention Abstracts. Sydney: Geological Society of Australia, 2000, 59: 135.
[70]	TOMKINS A G. Mobilization of gold as a polymetallic melt during pelite anatexis at the Challenger Deposit, south Australia: a metamorphosed Archean gold deposit[J]. Economic Geology, 2002, 97(6): 1249-1271.
[71]	WAGNER T. Thermodynamic modeling of Au-Bi-Te melt precipitation from high-temperature hydrothermal fluids: preliminary results[C]// ANDREW J W. Mshijineral exploration and research. Dublin:Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial SGA Meeting, 2007: 769-772.
[72]	HOLWELL B D A, MCDONALD I. A review of the behaviour of platinum group elements within natural magmatic sulfide ore systems[J]. Platinum Metals Review, 2010, 54(1): 26-36. DOI URL
[73]	BIAGIONI C, D’ORAZIO M, VEZZONI S, et al. Mobilization of Tl-Hg-As-Sb-(Ag, Cu)-Pb sulfosalt melts during low-grade metamorphism in the Alpi Apuane (Tuscany, Italy)[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(7): 747-750. DOI URL
[74]	OBERTHÜR T, WEISER T W. Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy Mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 2008, 72(4): 953-970. DOI URL
[75]	HASTIE E C, KONTAK D J, LAFRANCE B. Gold remobilization: insights from gold deposits in the Archean Swayze Greenstone Belt, Abitibi Subprovince, Canada[J]. Economic Geology, 2020, 115(2): 241-277. DOI URL
[76]	OKAMOTO H, SCHLESINGER M E, MUELLER E M. Handbook volume 3: alloy phase diagrams[M]. Materials Park: ASM International, 2016.
[77]	TÖRMÄNEN T O, KOSKI R A. Gold enrichment and the Bi-Au association in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide deposits, Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge[J]. Economic Geology, 2005, 100(6): 1135-1150. DOI URL
[78]	ZHOU H Y, SUN X M, COOK N J, et al. Nano- to micron-scale particulate gold hosted by magnetite: a product of gold scavenging by bismuth melts[J]. Economic Geology, 2017, 112(4): 993-1010. DOI URL
[79]	LIU J C, WANG Y T, HUANG S K, et al. The gold occurrence in pyrite and Te-Bi mineralogy of the Fancha gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold field, southern margin of the North China Craton: implication for ore genesis[J]. Geological Journal, 2020, 55(8): 5791-5811. DOI URL
[80]	MA T Q, CHEN C H, ZHANG Y, et al. Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Bi-Te minerals: constraints on mineralization process of the Dulanggou gold deposit, Dadu River metallogenic belt, China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2024, 169: 106091. DOI URL
[81]	QIU K F, DENG J, YU H C, et al. The Zaozigou orogenic gold-antimony deposit, West Qinling Orogen, China: structural controls on multiple mineralization events[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2024, 136(9/10): 4218-4232. DOI URL
[82]	COOKE D R, MCPHAIL D C. Epithermal Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Acupan, Baguio district, Philippines: numerical simulations of mineral deposition[J]. Economic Geology, 2001, 96(1): 109-131.
[83]	BAKER T, LANG J R. Fluid inclusion characteristics of intrusion-related gold mineralization, Tombstone-Tungsten magmatic belt, Yukon Territory, Canada[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2001, 36(6): 563-582. DOI URL
[84]	GOLDFARB R J, BAKER T, DUBÉ B, et al. Distribution, character, and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terran[M]// One Hundredth Anniversary Volume. Littleton: Society of Economic Geologists, 2005
[85]	KNIPE S W, FOSTER R P, STANLEY C J. Role of sulphide surfaces in sorption of precious metals from hydrothermal fluids[J]. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science, 1992, 101: 83-88.
[86]	JIAN W, MAO J W, LEHMANN B, et al. Hyper-enrichment of gold via quartz fracturing and growth of polymetallic melt droplets[J]. Geology, 2024, 52(6): 411-416. DOI URL

北秦岭公家坪金矿床Au-Ag-Te-(Bi)矿物的发现及其地质意义

Discovery and geological significance of Au-Ag-Te-(Bi) minerals in the Gongjiaping gold deposit in the North Qinling terrane

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 17

参考文献 86

相关文章 9

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘启凡, 张成, 张青, 高征西, 保善斌, 李奥冰, 曹磊, 付乐兵. 北山造山带三个井脉状Au-Ag-Pb-Zn矿床富集机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 419-439.
[2]	刘传朋, 马钊, 安茂国, 支成龙, 杨泽宇, 吴鸣谦, 尚振, 陈怀鑫, 韩宗瑞, 姜腾飞, 高文白. 鲁西地区龙宝山碱性杂岩体岩石成因与稀土元素富集机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 265-289.
[3]	张七道, 李德宗, 李致伟, 王东晖, 于一帆, 朱星强, 蔡泉宇, 李明. 黔西北普底地区富锂黏土岩地球化学特征及成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(4): 258-280.
[4]	窦立荣, 黄文松, 孔祥文, 汪萍, 赵子斌. 西加拿大盆地都沃内(Duvernay)海相页岩油气富集机制研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(4): 191-205.
[5]	周振华, 毛景文. 大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿床成矿规律与矿床模型[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 176-199.
[6]	李成禄, 于援帮, 袁茂文, 李胜荣, 徐文喜, 朱静, 李士胜. 大兴安岭东北部永新金矿床金银系列矿物和碲化物的发现及其意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(4): 244-254.
[7]	侯增谦, 杨志明, 王瑞, 郑远川. 再论中国大陆斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床成矿作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(2): 20-44.
[8]	赵姣，陈丹玲，谭清海，陈淼，朱小辉，郭彩莲，刘良. 北秦岭东段二郎坪群火山岩锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2012, 19(4): 118-125.
[9]	陈丹玲，刘良. 北秦岭榴辉岩及相关岩石年代学的进一步确定及其对板片俯冲属性的约束[J]. 地学前缘, 2011, 18(2): 158-169.