准噶尔盆地达坂城次凹陷沉积波动过程及对白垩系剥蚀的揭示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.11

地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 503-514.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.11

准噶尔盆地达坂城次凹陷沉积波动过程及对白垩系剥蚀的揭示

王中昱¹^,²(), 陈书平¹^,²^,^*(), 张瑞¹^,², 周子勇¹^,², 周钰杰³

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206

收稿日期:2025-02-25 修回日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通信作者: *陈书平(1965—),男,教授,博士生导师,从事构造地质学和盆地分析研究工作。E-mail: csp21c@163.com
作者简介:王中昱(1995—),男,博士研究生,从事油区构造解析和盆地分析研究工作。E-mail: wzy_0630@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42172138);中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司项目(30200020-23-ZC0613-0002)

Sedimentary fluctuation process of Dabancheng Sub-sag in the Junggar Basin and its implications for the erosion of the Cretaceous

WANG Zhongyu¹^,²(), CHEN Shuping¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Rui¹^,², ZHOU Ziyong¹^,², ZHOU Yujie³

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-06-06 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-01-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准噶尔盆地南缘达坂城次凹陷受燕山运动影响普遍缺失白垩系,其沉积-剥蚀过程尚不明确,制约了对该区构造演化及油气成藏规律的认识。传统剥蚀量计算方法难以回答沉积-剥蚀的动态演化过程,而盆地波动理论方法为解决这一问题提供了新思路。本文从达坂城次凹陷残余地层沉积速率时间序列中分解出有周期规律的波动曲线,建立波动方程,重建了该区域自二叠纪以来的沉积-剥蚀历史。结果表明,盆地波动演化过程受到220 Ma、100 Ma、33 Ma等多级次周期波叠加作用,导致不同时期地层的沉积或剥蚀速率发生显著变化。该区域在白垩纪期间曾发育约430 m沉积,随之受燕山运动整体抬升影响,白垩系被剥蚀殆尽,并波及下伏侏罗系,总剥蚀量达650 m。达坂城次凹陷经历了早—中二叠世走滑拉分盆地阶段、晚二叠世至三叠纪压陷盆地阶段、侏罗纪弱伸展裂陷盆地阶段,以及白垩纪至古近纪陆内坳陷-再生前陆盆地阶段。准噶尔盆地220 Ma周期的波动过程与区域板块演化动力背景密切相关,反映了盆地波动与板块运动之间的密切联系。沉积盆地波动分析方法能够有效识别沉积间断并定量刻画不整合形成过程,为古构造-沉积演化恢复及陆相盆地油气勘探提供了科学依据。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地南缘, 白垩纪, 燕山运动, 剥蚀量, 波动分析

Abstract:

The Dabancheng Sub-sag, located on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, is largely devoid of Cretaceous strata due to erosion associated with the Yanshanian movement. The sedimentation-erosion process in this area remains poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of its tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. Traditional methods for estimating erosion are ill-suited to address the dynamic evolution of sedimentation and erosion. In contrast, basin fluctuation theory provides a novel analytical framework for this problem. In this study, we decomposed periodic fluctuations from the time series of residual stratigraphic sedimentation rates and established a fluctuation equation to reconstruct the sedimentation-erosion history of the Dabancheng Sub-sag since the Permian. The results indicate that the basin’s fluctuation evolution is governed by multi-order periodic fluctuations of 220 Ma, 100 Ma, and 33 Ma, which govern the dramatic shifts in sedimentation or erosion rates across different periods. During the Cretaceous, approximately 430 meters of sedimentary strata accumulated in this area. However, subsequent uplift induced by the Yanshanian movement caused near-total erosion of the Cretaceous system, with partial erosion extending into the underlying Jurassic, resulting in a total erosion thickness of 650 meters. The Dabancheng Sub-sag has undergone four distinct evolutionary stages: a strike-slip extensional basin in the Early-Middle Permian, a compressional basin from the Late Permian to Triassic, a weak extensional rift basin during the Jurassic, and an intracontinental depression to regenerated foreland basin from the Cretaceous to Paleogene. The observed 220 Ma periodic fluctuation in the Junggar Basin is closely correlated with the regional plate tectonic background, reflecting a coupling mechanism between basin fluctuation and plate motion. The sedimentary basin fluctuation analysis method proves effective in identifying sedimentary hiatuses and quantitatively characterizing the development of unconformities, thereby offering a scientific basis for reconstructing palaeo-structural and sedimentary evolution and guiding hydrocarbon exploration in continental basins.

Key words: South of the Junggar Basin, Cretaceous, Yanshanian movement, erosion calculation, fluctuation analysis

中图分类号:

P541
TE122

王中昱, 陈书平, 张瑞, 周子勇, 周钰杰. 准噶尔盆地达坂城次凹陷沉积波动过程及对白垩系剥蚀的揭示[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 503-514.

WANG Zhongyu, CHEN Shuping, ZHANG Rui, ZHOU Ziyong, ZHOU Yujie. Sedimentary fluctuation process of Dabancheng Sub-sag in the Junggar Basin and its implications for the erosion of the Cretaceous[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(2): 503-514.

图/表 10

图1 达坂城次凹陷构造位置及地质结构简图 a—准噶尔盆地;b—柴窝堡凹陷;c—南北向地质结果剖面图。

Fig.1 Tectonic location and geological structure diagram of Dabancheng Sub-sag

图2 “滑动窗”法地质滤波示意图(据文献[1])

Fig.2 “Sliding window” filtering for geophysical data

图3 基于盆地波动理论的剥蚀量计算模型

Fig.3 Erosion calculation model based on basin fluctuation theory

图4 柴2井区沉积速率波动过程分析

Fig.4 Analysis of sedimentation rate and fluctuation process in Chai2

图5 柴参1地井区沉积速率波动过程分析

Fig.5 Analysis of sedimentation rate and fluctuation process in Chaican1D

图6 柴参1石井区沉积速率波动过程分析

Fig.6 Analysis of sedimentation rate and fluctuation process in Chaican1S

图7 达坂城次凹陷高频波动过程与沉积剥蚀分析 a—柴2井;b—柴参1地井;c—柴参1石井。

Fig.7 High-frequency fluctuation process and analysis of sedimentary erosion in Dabancheng sag

表1 达坂城次凹陷白垩纪沉积-剥蚀厚度

Table 1 Cretaceous sedimentary erosion thickness in Dabancheng Sub-sag

柴2
地质时间/Ma	沉积或剥蚀厚度/m	地质时间/Ma	沉积或剥蚀厚度/m	地质时间/Ma	沉积或剥蚀厚度/m
65.5~75.3	122.3	65.5~80.4	-242.6	65.5~67.7	10.5
75.3~85	-36.3	80.4~94.4	133.7	67.7~82.6	-177.2
85~104.3	231.1	94.4~112.3	-257.5	82.6~99.8	255.1
104.3~124.4	-268	112.3~128.1	211.6	99.8~115.4	-220.5
124.4~133.6	35.6	128.1~145.6	-286.9	115.4~132.5	303.3
133.6~145.6	-193.2			132.5~145.6	-277.7

图8 准噶尔盆地及邻区区域应力场演化 a—早—中二叠世;b—晚二叠世—三叠纪;c—侏罗纪;d—白垩纪—古近纪。

Fig.8 Regional stress evolution in the Junggar Basin and adjacent areas

图9 准噶尔盆地-柴窝堡凹陷构造演化过程 a—早—中二叠世;b—晚二叠世;c—三叠纪;d—侏罗纪;e—白垩纪;f—古近纪以来。

Fig.9 Tectonic evolution process of the Junggar Basin - Chaiwopu Sag

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准噶尔盆地达坂城次凹陷沉积波动过程及对白垩系剥蚀的揭示

Sedimentary fluctuation process of Dabancheng Sub-sag in the Junggar Basin and its implications for the erosion of the Cretaceous

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