青藏高原东北缘晚中生代构造演化

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.4.99

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原东北缘隆升历史的研究是检验新生代青藏高原各种形成模型机制的关键,大量研究工作主要集中于东北缘新生代以来的隆升历史。但是,新生代的隆升过程是高原在晚中生代奠定的基础格架之上进一步隆升的结果。因此,对晚中生代青藏高原东北缘的演化进行深入研究,对于理解整个高原乃至周边地区的构造演化具有重要意义。为了破译青藏高原东北缘晚中生代的构造演化过程,本研究在总结青藏高原东北缘区域已发表资料的基础之上,对陇中盆地内部和六盘山地区采集并进行了磷灰石与锆石的裂变径迹分析与热史模拟,拟在揭示东北缘地区晚中生代隆升历史,进而探讨晚中生代构造演化过程,为青藏高原东北缘新生代前的地质地貌演化提供新的证据。本研究共采集了11个磷灰石样品与9个锆石样品进行测试,测试结果表明研究区样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围分布于140~85 Ma,裂变径迹的长度范围在12.3~13.4 μm;锆石裂变径迹年龄结果为166~117 Ma。热史模拟的结果揭示了研究区中生代晚期经历了三个快速隆升与冷却降温阶段:(1)170~150 Ma(中—晚侏罗世)隆升冷却事件,该事件可能与班公湖—怒江缝合带西段早期碰撞的远程构造响应相关;(2)150~130 Ma(晚侏罗世—早白垩世)隆升冷却事件,可能为东亚大陆内造山运动中拉萨地块的北向拼贴碰撞的远场效应;(3)100~85 Ma(晚白垩世)隆升冷却事件,可能与新特提斯洋(雅鲁藏布江缝合带前身)向北俯冲的远场构造效应相关。结合本文和前人隆升年代学数据,我们认为晚中生代的这些隆升事件基本奠定了青藏高原东北缘的构造格局,青藏高原东北缘的大部分区域在晚中生代建立的构造和地貌基础之上经过了新生代的缓慢隆升。

关键词: 青藏高原东北缘, 构造演化, 中生代, 低温热年代学, 裂变径迹

Abstract:

The uplift history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin serves as a critical test for evaluating mechanisms of Cenozoic plateau formation models. While extensive research has focused on its Cenozoic uplift history, this process fundamentally inherited and modified the tectonic framework established during the Late Mesozoic. Therefore, investigating the Late Mesozoic evolution of this region is essential for understanding the tectonic development of the entire plateau and adjacent areas. To decipher the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin, this study integrates published regional data with new apatite and zircon fission track analyses and thermal history modeling of samples collected from the Longzhong Basin and Liupanshan region. A total of 11 apatite and 9 zircon samples were analyzed, yielding apatite fission track (AFT) ages of 140-85 Ma with track lengths of 12.3-13.4 μm, and zircon fission track (ZFT) ages of 166-117 Ma. Thermal history modeling reveals three distinct Late Mesozoic uplift and cooling phases: (1) The 170-150 Ma (Middle-Late Jurassic) uplift/cooling event may be linked to remote tectonic responses associated with the early-stage collision of the western Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. (2) The 150-130 Ma (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) uplift/cooling phase likely reflects far-field effects of intracontinental orogeny driven by the northward accretion of the Lhasa Terrane in East Asia. (3) The 100-85 Ma (Late Cretaceous) uplift/cooling episode was potentially triggered by far-field tectonic effects related to the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean (proto-Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone). These results provide robust thermochronological evidence for Late Mesozoic tectonic activity along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin, establishing a pre-Cenozoic geomorphological framework that preconditioned subsequent Cenozoic uplift. This study enhances our understanding of plateau growth mechanisms by bridging the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic continuum and constraining the spatiotemporal patterns of pre-Cenozoic crustal deformation. Based on this study and previous thermochronological data, we propose that these Late Mesozoic uplift events fundamentally shaped the tectonic framework of the northeastern margin. Most regions in the northeastern margin have undergone gradual Cenozoic uplift, building upon the tectonic and geomorphic foundation established during the Late Mesozoic.

Key words: northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, tectonic evolution, Mesozoic, low temperature thermochronology, fission track

中图分类号:

于文豪, 黄兴富, 郭晓玉, 高锐. 青藏高原东北缘晚中生代构造演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(3): 338-353.

YU Wenhao, HUANG Xingfu, GUO Xiaoyu, GAO Rui. Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(3): 338-353.

图/表 10

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样品号	样品位置	高程/m	时代	岩石类型	分析方法
LPS62	E104.12°, N36.59°	1 817	E₂	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS64	E104.08°, N36.60°	1 865	S	板岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS66	E104.10°, N36.79°	1 787	N₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS67	E104.13°, N36.86°	1 791	O	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS72	E104.11°, N36.91°	1 874	O	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS77	E104.04°, N36.49°	1 837	S₁	黑云片岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS79	E103.97°, N36.21°	1 607	K₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS80	E103.98°, N36.18°	1 517	S₁	闪长岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 83	E104.03°, N36.15°	1 502	Pt₁	变粒岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 88	E103.92°, N35.82°	2 447	K₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 90	E104.02°, N35.78°	2 472	S	板岩	AFT, ZFT

样品号	样品位置	高程/m	时代	岩石类型	分析方法
LPS62	E104.12°, N36.59°	1 817	E₂	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS64	E104.08°, N36.60°	1 865	S	板岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS66	E104.10°, N36.79°	1 787	N₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS67	E104.13°, N36.86°	1 791	O	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS72	E104.11°, N36.91°	1 874	O	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS77	E104.04°, N36.49°	1 837	S₁	黑云片岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS79	E103.97°, N36.21°	1 607	K₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS80	E103.98°, N36.18°	1 517	S₁	闪长岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 83	E104.03°, N36.15°	1 502	Pt₁	变粒岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 88	E103.92°, N35.82°	2 447	K₁	砂岩	AFT, ZFT
LPS 90	E104.02°, N35.78°	2 472	S	板岩	AFT, ZFT

样品号	颗粒数n	ρ_s/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_s)	ρ_i/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_i)	ρ_d/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_d)	P(χ²)/ %	中值年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma	池年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma	长度及误差/ μm(N)
LPS62	35	5.995 (1 277)	20.027 (4 266)	14.797 (7 124)	90.3	90±5	90±5	12.9±1.7 (130)
LPS64	35	4.087 (552)	13.853 (1 871)	14.168 (7 124)	12.6	84±6	85±6	13.2±1.4 (97)
LPS66	35	6.917 (1 370)	18.559 (3 676)	13.75 (7 124)	12.4	104±6	104±6	13.3±1.5 (106)
LPS67	34	4.475 (578)	10.134 (1 309)	13.331 (7 124)	72.3	120±8	120±8	12.3±1.9 (102)
LPS72	33	6.754 (1 280)	12.421 (2 354)	12.703 (7 124)	90.1	140±8	140±8	12.4±2.0 (114)
LPS77	35	3.744 (343)	11.068 (1 014)	16.472 (7 124)	100	113±9	113±9	12.8±1.8 (83)
LPS79	34	9.519 (1 164)	25.988 (3 178)	15.634 (7 124)	56.3	117±7	116±7	13.1±2.0 (113)
LPS80	30	9.883 (3 509)	34.445 (12 230)	14.797 (7 124)	5.3	87±4	87±4	13.0±1.5 (140)
LPS83-1	34	6.631 (745)	17.525 (1 969)	13.959 (7 124)	100	107±7	107±7	13.0±1.8 (103)
LPS83-2	35	7.589 (1 072)	20.629 (2 914)	13.122 (7 124)	98.7	98±6	98±6	12.6±2.1 (123)
LPS88	35	5.429 (1 520)	13.338 (3 734)	12.285 (7 124)	90.9	102±6	102±6	13.4±1.5 (111)
LPS90	35	4.569 (614)	12.376 (1 663)	16.472 (7 124)	70.5	124±8	124±8	12.3±1.5 (99)

样品号	颗粒数n	ρ_s/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_s)	ρ_i/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_i)	ρ_d/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_d)	P(χ²)/ %	中值年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma	池年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma	长度及误差/ μm(N)
LPS62	35	5.995 (1 277)	20.027 (4 266)	14.797 (7 124)	90.3	90±5	90±5	12.9±1.7 (130)
LPS64	35	4.087 (552)	13.853 (1 871)	14.168 (7 124)	12.6	84±6	85±6	13.2±1.4 (97)
LPS66	35	6.917 (1 370)	18.559 (3 676)	13.75 (7 124)	12.4	104±6	104±6	13.3±1.5 (106)
LPS67	34	4.475 (578)	10.134 (1 309)	13.331 (7 124)	72.3	120±8	120±8	12.3±1.9 (102)
LPS72	33	6.754 (1 280)	12.421 (2 354)	12.703 (7 124)	90.1	140±8	140±8	12.4±2.0 (114)
LPS77	35	3.744 (343)	11.068 (1 014)	16.472 (7 124)	100	113±9	113±9	12.8±1.8 (83)
LPS79	34	9.519 (1 164)	25.988 (3 178)	15.634 (7 124)	56.3	117±7	116±7	13.1±2.0 (113)
LPS80	30	9.883 (3 509)	34.445 (12 230)	14.797 (7 124)	5.3	87±4	87±4	13.0±1.5 (140)
LPS83-1	34	6.631 (745)	17.525 (1 969)	13.959 (7 124)	100	107±7	107±7	13.0±1.8 (103)
LPS83-2	35	7.589 (1 072)	20.629 (2 914)	13.122 (7 124)	98.7	98±6	98±6	12.6±2.1 (123)
LPS88	35	5.429 (1 520)	13.338 (3 734)	12.285 (7 124)	90.9	102±6	102±6	13.4±1.5 (111)
LPS90	35	4.569 (614)	12.376 (1 663)	16.472 (7 124)	70.5	124±8	124±8	12.3±1.5 (99)

样品号	颗粒数n	ρ_s/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_s)	ρ_i/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_i)	ρ_d/(10⁵cm^-2) (N_d)	P(χ²)/%	中值年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma	池年龄及误差(±σ)/Ma
LPS62	36	105.985 (6 699)	29.997 (1 896)	7.474 (5 958)	0.2	118±6	119±5
LPS64-3	35	95.181 (5 988)	20.696 (1 302)	7.865 (5 958)	16.5	162±8	162±7
LPS66	36	95.883 (5 806)	30.436 (1 843)	8.257 (5 958)	0.1	115±6	117±5
LPS67-2	21	94.012 (2 412)	22.879 (587)	8.648 (5 958)	55.6	160±9	160±9
LPS72-1	31	103.275 (4 944)	25.276 (1 210)	9.04 (5 958)	49.0	166±8	166±8
LPS79	36	102.297 (5 229)	35.997 (1 840)	9.432 (5 958)	0	119±7	121±5
LPS86-2	18	124.568 (2 449)	32.096 (631)	7.082 (5 958)	61.1	124±7	124±7
LPS88	36	101.517 (5 738)	24.344 (1 376)	7.474 (5 958)	31.2	139±7	140±6
LPS90-1	30	103.008 (3 868)	23.861 (896)	7.865 (5 958)	52.8	153±8	153±8