基于反射波地震勘探技术的深覆盖区夕卡岩型富铁矿找矿方法探讨

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.82

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

齐河—禹城地区自2015年发现夕卡岩型富铁矿后,相继开展了包括地面重磁、电磁法等在内的多种地球物理探测工作,但由于该区处于深覆盖区,矿藏埋深大、矿化信息弱,数据解释工作存在较大多解性问题。地震勘探技术具有探测深度大、精度高等特点,本文首次将该方法应用于深部富铁矿找矿。通过采用宽线观测系统,以提高深部资料信噪比为重点,获得了高质量的处理剖面;对不同地层的地震波组特征进行分析,实现了新生界底界、石炭-二叠系的准确划分,圈定了侵入岩体的赋存范围,为重磁联合反演提供了准确的层位、构造约束;从而可分辨因岩体埋深、形态变化造成的重磁局部异常,有效识别矿致叠加异常,降低重磁联合反演的多解性,提高矿体定位精度,进而指导ZK11钻孔布设并成功见矿。从揭露情况看,地震预测的地层及深度信息与钻探吻合程度高,表明了地震方法在深覆盖区富铁矿找矿具有良好的应用效果和广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 富铁矿, 地震勘探, 磁异常, 地层结构, 找矿预测, 矿体定位, 齐河—禹城地区

Abstract:

Since the discovery of skarn-type iron ore deposits in the Qihe-Yucheng area in 2015, a variety of geophysical exploration methods, including ground gravity, magnetic, and electromagnetic surveys, have been carried out. However, due to thick overburden, deep burial of orebodies, and weak mineralization signals, data interpretation suffered from severe non-uniqueness. Seismic exploration, advantageous for its depth penetration and high resolution, was employed for deep iron ore prospecting in this region. By adopting a wide-line geometry and focusing on enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of deep reflections via advanced processing, high-quality seismic profiles were obtained. Analysis of seismic wavegroups across different strata precisely delineated the base of the Cenozoic and Carboniferous-Permian sequences and mapped the distribution of intrusive bodies. These results provided accurate horizon and structural constraints for joint gravity-magnetic inversion. Thereby, this integrated approach differentiated gravity-magnetic anomalies caused by depth and morphology variations of intrusions from ore-induced anomalies, substantially reduced inversion non-uniqueness, and enhanced orebody targeting. This integrated geophysical methodology guided the planning of borehole ZK11, which intersected high-grade iron ore. Drilling results confirmed a strong correspondence between predicted stratigraphy and depths, demonstrating the efficacy and considerable potential of seismic methods for exploring deep-buried iron ores in covered areas.

Key words: rich iron ore, seismic exploration, magnetic anomaly, stratigraphic structure, prospecting prediction, orebody location, Qihe-Yucheng area

中图分类号:

P631.4

朱裕振, 孙超, 王怀洪, 任珂, 张文艳, 沈立军. 基于反射波地震勘探技术的深覆盖区夕卡岩型富铁矿找矿方法探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(5): 229-238.

ZHU Yuzhen, SUN Chao, WANG Huaihong, REN Ke, ZHANG Wenyan, SHEN Lijun. Discussion on prospecting methods for rich iron ore in deep coverage areas based on reflected wave seismic exploration technology[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(5): 229-238.

图/表 11

图1 研究区区域地质略图及李屯地区钻孔简图

Fig.1 Regional geological sketch of the study area and drilling sketch of the Litun area

图2 地面高精度磁测异常等值线平面图 a—ΔT等值线;b—ΔT化极等值线;c—垂向一阶导数;d—剩余异常。

Fig.2 High-precision magnetic anomalies on the ground

图3 理论模型磁异常特征

Fig.3 Characteristics of magnetic anomalies in the theoretical model

图4 去噪前(a)去噪后(b)地震记录

Fig.4 Before de-noising (a) and after de-noising (b) seismic record

图5 L1线偏移剖面

Fig.5 Migration section of L1 line

图6 Z1线地震时间剖面波组特征对比

Fig.6 Comparison of wave group characteristics in the Z1 line on the seismic time profile

图7 L1线地质解释剖面图

Fig.7 Geological interpretation profile of line L1

图8 钻孔附近Z1、Z2线的地震剖面解释成果

Fig.8 Interpretation results of seismic profiles of Z1 and Z2 lines near the borehole

图9 Z2线地震时间剖面推断解释结果

Fig.9 Inferential interpretation of seismic time section of line Z2

图10 Z2线重磁反演结果

Fig.10 Gravity and magnetic inversion results of Z2 line

图11 ZK11钻孔柱状简图及典型岩心照片

Fig.11 The histogram and typical core photos of ZK11 borehole

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