两淮地区逆冲推覆构造对区域地温场分布的影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.44

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域地温场分析是地热地质学研究中的重要部分,厘清各要素对其空间分布的影响大小是正确理解其成因机制的前提,进而可为后续区域岩石圈热状态或地热资源开发利用提供支撑。在本研究中,通过对两淮地区7口代表性钻孔测温数据、不同年代岩石热物性参数、264个地温梯度值和191个大地热流值进行系统整理,对区域地温场分布特征开展研究,分析研究区地层热量传输的主要方式及大地热流空间分布特征;并结合区域典型的地质剖面,以地热地质、水文地质条件为约束,开展水热耦合数值模拟,重点分析区域典型逆冲推覆构造对地温分布的影响,同时开展地形海拔对地温场分布影响的简要研究,并分析导水断裂不同厚度对地温场分布影响的差异性。研究结果表明:逆冲推覆构造是造成区域地温场偏低的主要原因,主要是由于推覆体中碳酸盐岩具有较高的岩石热导率和孔渗性,从而使其内部冷水下渗最终导致区域地温较低;研究区内地形海拔与热流分布呈反相关关系,但并不是造成研究区高海拔区块低热流的主要原因,更可能是由于碳酸盐岩山体接受大气降水等地下水补给下渗所造成的;就本研究而言,导水断裂随着厚度的增加对地温分布或热流的影响越大。本研究成果可丰富区域地温场影响要素方面的成果,为深入认识区域地温场分布特征提供案例参考。

关键词: 钻孔测温, 岩石热物性, 地温场, 逆冲推覆构造, 两淮地区

Abstract:

Analysis of the regional geothermal field is a crucial component of geothermal geological research. Elucidating the influence of various factors on its spatial distribution is a prerequisite for understanding its genetic mechanisms, which in turn provides support for subsequent studies on the regional lithospheric thermal state and the development and utilization of geothermal resources. In this study, the regional geothermal field distribution characteristics were investigated by systematically organizing temperature measurement data from 7 representative boreholes in the Huainan-Huaibei area, rock thermo-physical parameters from different geological age, 264 geothermal gradient values, and 191 terrestrial heat flow values. The study analyzed the primary heat transfer modes in the formation and the spatial distribution characteristics of terrestrial heat flow. Furthermore, integrated with typical regional geological sections and constrained by geothermal and hydrogeological conditions, hydrothermal coupled numerical simulations were performed. The analysis focused on the influence of typical regional thrust nappe structures on geothermal distribution, briefly examined the impact of topographic altitude, and analyzed the differences in the influence of water-conducting faults of varying thicknesses. The results indicate that thrust nappe structures are the primary reason for the relatively low regional geothermal field. This is mainly due to the high thermal conductivity, porosity, and permeability of the carbonate rocks within the nappe, which facilitate the infiltration of cold water. Although topographic altitude in the study area is inversely correlated with heat flow distribution, it is not the primary cause of low heat flow in high-altitude blocks; instead, this is more likely caused by the infiltration of groundwater recharge, such as atmospheric precipitation, into the carbonate rock. Within the scope of this study, the influence of water-conducting faults on geothermal distribution or heat flow increases with their thickness. The results of this study enrich the findings regarding the influencing factors of regional geothermal fields and provide a valuable case reference.

Key words: borehole temperature logging, rock thermophysical, geothermal field, thrust nappe structure, Huainan-Huaibei area

中图分类号:

P314
P548

王朱亭, 顾承串, 鲁海峰, 王一波, 胡圣标, 姜光政, 张超. 两淮地区逆冲推覆构造对区域地温场分布的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 451-461.

WANG Zhuting, GU Chengchuan, LU Haifeng, WANG Yibo, HU Shengbiao, JIANG Guangzheng, ZHANG Chao. Influence of thrust nappe structure on the geothermal field in Huainan-Huaibei area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(2): 451-461.

图/表 9

图1 两淮地区构造纲要图和地层剖面图 (地形底图引自文献[15]; 部分地温数据引用自文献[24]; 地层剖面引用自文献[25])

Fig.1 The tectonic framework and stratigraphic profile of Huainan-Huaibei area. Adapted from [15,24-25].

图2 研究区典型钻井测温曲线(据文献[15,28])

Fig.2 Typical borehole temperature data in the study area. Adapted from [15,28].

图3 两淮地区岩石热物性分布特征(据文献[15]) a—淮北地区不同年代岩石热导率;b—淮南地区不同年代岩石热导率;c—淮北地区不同年代岩石生热率;d—淮南地区不同年代岩石生热率。

Fig.3 Distribution characteristics of rock thermal properties in the study area. Adapted from [15].

图4 两淮地区地温梯度和大地热流分布特征(据文献[15,35]) a—淮北地区地温梯度分布;b—淮南地区地温梯度分布;c—淮北地区大地热流分布;d—淮南地区大地热流分布。

Fig.4 Distribution characteristics of rock thermal properties in the study area. Adapted from [15,35].

图5 两淮地区大地热流分布特征

Fig.5 Distribution characteristics of heat flow in the study area

表1 模型计算主要参数

Table 1 The main parameters used in the calculation model

主要参数岩石地层	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	孔隙度/%	渗透率/m²
第四系(Q)	1.5	5	1×10^-16
三叠系(T)	2.6	16	1×10^-15
石炭-二叠系(C-P)	2.6	15	2×10^-16
奥陶系(O)	4.8	12	2×10^-14
寒武系($\epsilon $)	5.0	15	2×10^-14
元古宇(PT)	3.0	8	1×10^-17
导水断裂	2.5	20	1×10^-10

图6 推覆体构造对地温分布和模型表面热流的影响 a—剖面1温度等值线分布;b—剖面1表面热流分布;c—剖面2温度等值线分布;d—剖面2表面热流分布。

Fig.6 Influence of the thrust nappe structure on the geothermal field and surface heat flow value

图7 地形海拔对热流值分布的影响 a—剖面温度等值线分布;b—不同深度热流分布。

Fig.7 Influence of the topography on the surface heat flow value

图8 导水破碎带不同厚度对地温场分布的影响 a—裂隙0.1 mm下温度剖面分布;b—裂隙0.1 mm下模型表面热流;c—裂隙10 cm下温度剖面分布;d—裂隙10 cm下模型表面热流;e—裂隙15 cm下温度剖面分布;f—裂隙15 cm下模型表面热流。

Fig.8 Influence of different water conducting faults thickness on the surface heat flow value

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