基于太赫兹时域光谱的沉积岩含水性分析:以西秦岭造山型金矿三叠系赋矿围岩为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.40

地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 76-87.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.40

• 战略矿产前沿分析与勘查技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于太赫兹时域光谱的沉积岩含水性分析:以西秦岭造山型金矿三叠系赋矿围岩为例

滕卓尔¹^,²(), 李珊珊¹^,²^,^*(), 高子越¹, 王洁¹, 李康宁², 侯朝宗¹, 黄昊翀¹, 郑志远¹

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室/深时数字地球前沿科学中心, 北京 100083
2.甘肃省金矿资源勘查利用技术创新中心/甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查院, 甘肃兰州 730050

收稿日期:2025-06-02 修回日期:2025-11-15 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通信作者: *李珊珊(1991—),女,高级实验师,博士生导师,主要从事矿床地球化学研究。E-mail: lishanshan199811@163.com
作者简介:滕卓尔(2002—),男,博士,地质学专业。E-mail: zhuoerteng@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0125000);国家自然科学基金项目(42303067);甘肃省金矿资源勘查利用技术创新中心开放课题(JKZY-202505);北京科学技术协会青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2024122);中央高校基本科研业务专项项目(2-9-2023-055);自然资源部新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目(ZKKJ202410)

Analysis of water content in sedimentary rocks using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: A case study from the Triassic ore-hosting rocks in the West Qinling orogenic gold deposit

TENG Zhuoer¹^,²(), LI Shanshan¹^,²^,^*(), GAO Ziyue¹, WANG Jie¹, LI Kangning², HOU Chaozong¹, HUANG Haochong¹, ZHENG Zhiyuan¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources/Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Gold Mine Resource Exploration and Utilization Technology Innovation Center of Gansu Province/Third Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2025-06-02 Revised:2025-11-15 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-01-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西秦岭造山型金矿成矿流体主要来源于区域地层中含水矿物在进变质作用过程中的脱水反应。尽管X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱等常规方法已被广泛应用于含水矿物的识别,但由于对氢元素敏感性较低、水相关信号干扰显著以及荧光效应的影响,这些方法在精确鉴定含水矿物类型和定量分析岩石水含量方面仍存在明显局限。太赫兹时域光谱(terahertz time-domain spectroscopy,THz-TDS)技术作为一种非破坏性光谱分析手段,对水分子集体振动模式及矿物晶格中水的赋存状态高度敏感,为岩石中含水矿物的有效识别与表征提供了新的技术途径。本研究以西秦岭造山带甘南地区三叠纪地层为研究对象,综合岩相学观察与太赫兹时域光谱分析,识别地层中的含水矿物并分析其含水特性,进而约束不同岩性的地层在进变质过程中发生脱水反应的潜力。结果表明,三叠纪地层中的绢云母、黑云母、绿泥石和褐铁矿等含水矿物表现出明显的太赫兹吸收特征,其中含分子水的褐铁矿呈现最显著的吸收特征峰。以绿泥石为主要含水矿物的砂岩显示出较高的太赫兹吸收系数与折射率,反映其具较高的含水量,表明该类岩石在进变质过程中能够通过脱水反应提供主要的成矿流体。本研究证实太赫兹时域光谱技术在沉积岩含水特性及含水矿物表征中具有良好的应用,为示踪造山型金矿成矿流体来源提供了新的技术方法。

关键词: 太赫兹时域光谱, 沉积岩, 岩石含水性, 含水矿物

Abstract:

The ore-forming fluids in the West Qinling orogenic gold deposit were predominantly derived from dehydration reactions of hydrous minerals during prograde metamorphism of regional strata. Although conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been widely used for identifying hydrous minerals, they still exhibit significant limitations in precisely identifying hydrous mineral types and quantitatively analyzing rock water content due to their low sensitivity to hydrogen, significant interference from water-related signals, and fluorescence effects. As a non-destructive spectroscopic technique, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is highly sensitive to the collective vibrational modes of water molecules and the occurrence states of water within mineral lattices, providing a novel technical approach for the effective identification and characterization of hydrous minerals in rocks. This study focuses on the Triassic strata in the Gannan region of the West Qinling orogenic belt. Integrating petrographic observations with THz-TDS analysis, we identified hydrous minerals and analyzed the state of water, thereby constraining the potential of different lithologies to undergo dehydration reactions during prograde metamorphism. The results indicate that hydrous minerals such as sericite, biotite, chlorite, and limonite in the Triassic strata exhibit distinct terahertz absorption features, with limonite (containing molecular water) showing the most prominent absorption peak. Sandstones rich in chlorite as the primary hydrous mineral display higher terahertz absorption coefficients and refractive indices, reflecting their higher water content. This suggests that such rocks can provide significant ore-forming fluids through dehydration reactions during prograde metamorphism. This study confirms the efficacy of THz-TDS in characterizing the aqueous properties and hydrous minerals of sedimentary rocks, offering a new technical method for tracing the source of ore-forming fluids in orogenic gold deposits.

Key words: terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, sedimentary rocks, water-bearing capacity of rocks, hydrous minerals

中图分类号:

滕卓尔, 李珊珊, 高子越, 王洁, 李康宁, 侯朝宗, 黄昊翀, 郑志远. 基于太赫兹时域光谱的沉积岩含水性分析:以西秦岭造山型金矿三叠系赋矿围岩为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 76-87.

TENG Zhuoer, LI Shanshan, GAO Ziyue, WANG Jie, LI Kangning, HOU Chaozong, HUANG Haochong, ZHENG Zhiyuan. Analysis of water content in sedimentary rocks using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: A case study from the Triassic ore-hosting rocks in the West Qinling orogenic gold deposit[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(2): 76-87.

图/表 10

图1 西秦岭造山带地质简图(据文献[7]修改)

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of the West Qinling Orogen. Modified after [7].

图2 甘南地区区域地质简图(据文献[7]修改)

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Xiahe-Hezuo polymetallic district. Modified after [7].

图3 太赫兹时域光谱实验装置示意图(改编自[53])

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experimental setup. Modified after [53].

表1 测试样品采样位置、岩性和分析样品厚度

Table 1 The sampling location, lithology, and analytical thickness of test samples

样品编号	岩性	采样位置	分析样品厚度/mm	主要矿物
23GN01	泥岩	102.71°E,34.96°N	1.449	石英、绢云母、黑云母、黄铁矿、褐铁矿和黏土矿物
23GN20	泥岩	102.82°E,35.02°N	0.923	石英、绢云母、黑云母、黄铁矿、褐铁矿和黏土矿物
23GN06	砾岩	102.79°E,35.00°N	0.826	石英、绢云母、长石、方解石、黄铁矿、褐铁矿和黏土矿物
23GN10	砾岩	102.79°E,35.00°N	1.247	石英、绢云母、方解石、绿泥石、黄铁矿、褐铁矿和黏土矿物
23GN13	砂岩	102.31°E,34.96°N	1.269	石英、绢云母、绿泥石和黄铁矿

表2 测试样品主要矿物化学式及水的赋存形式

Table 2 Chemical formulas of major minerals and their water occurrence forms in test samples

矿物名称	化学式	是否含水	水的赋存形式
石英	SiO₂	否
绢云母	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	是	结构水
黑云母	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂	是	结构水
黄铁矿	FeS₂	否
褐铁矿	mFe₂O₃·nH₂O	是	分子水
长石	(K/ Na/ Ca)(Al/ Si)₄O₈	否
方解石	CaCO₃	否
绿泥石	(Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺/Mg/Al)₆(Al/Si)₄(O/OH)₁₈	是	结构水

图4 沉积岩样品手标本照片和显微照片 A—泥岩手标本照片;B—砾岩手标本照片;C—砂岩手标本照片;D—泥岩显微照片;E—砾岩显微照片;F—砂岩显微照片。Py—黄铁矿;Ser—绢云母;Qz—石英;Bt—黑云母、绢云母;Pl—斜长石;Chl—绿泥石。

Fig.4 Specimen and microphotographs of sedimentary rock samples

图5 三叠纪泥岩、砾岩和砂岩样品圈点照片 A,B—泥岩样品;C,D—砾岩样品;E—砂岩样品。

Fig.5 Triassic mudstone, conglomerate, and sandstone samples’ testing points

图6 泥岩样品测试结果 A—时域-振幅光谱图;B—频域-振幅光谱图;C—频率-吸收系数光谱图;D—频率-折射率光谱图。

Fig.6 Results of mudstone samples

图7 砾岩样品测试结果 A—时域-振幅光谱图;B—频域-振幅光谱图;C—频率-吸收系数光谱图;D—频率-折射率光谱图。

Fig.7 Results of conglomerate samples

图8 砂岩样品测试结果 A—时域-振幅光谱图;B—频域-振幅光谱图;C—频率-吸收系数光谱图;D—频率-折射率光谱图。

Fig.8 Results of sandstone samples

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基于太赫兹时域光谱的沉积岩含水性分析:以西秦岭造山型金矿三叠系赋矿围岩为例

Analysis of water content in sedimentary rocks using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: A case study from the Triassic ore-hosting rocks in the West Qinling orogenic gold deposit

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