地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 311-330.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.17

• 战略矿产成矿规律与找矿预测 • 上一篇    下一篇

龙门山构造带辛家咀金矿三维原生晕特征及深部找矿预测

王斌1,2,3(), 高永宝1,2,*(), 任涛3, 寇少磊1,2, 杨可1,2, 王占彬1,2, 刘基1,2, 宋伊圩1,2, 马振宇1,2, 杜宛鸽1,2   

  1. 1.中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心, 陕西 西安 710100
    2.中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心, 陕西 西安 710100
    3.昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院, 云南 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09 修回日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通信作者: 高永宝(1982—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事矿床学和矿床地球化学研究。E-mail: gaoyongbao2006@126.com
  • 作者简介:王 斌(1993—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事金矿找矿预测研究。E-mail: geo_wangb@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目“陕西宁强青川-阳平关一带金多金属找矿靶区优选与评价”(DD20230369);“秦岭地区金银矿资源勘查”(DD20208008);“全国金矿重点调査区调査评价”(DD20230060);“大数据智能找矿预测(西安矿产中心)”(DD20242301);自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金(KC20230010);自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金(KC20250011)

3D primary halo and deep prospecting prediction of Xinjiazui gold deposit in the Longmenshan tectonic belt, China

WANG Bin1,2,3(), GAO Yongbao1,2,*(), REN Tao3, KOU Shaolei1,2, YANG Ke1,2, WANG Zhanbin1,2, LIU Ji1,2, SONG Yiwei1,2, MA Zhenyu1,2, DU Wange1,2   

  1. 1. Technology Innovation Center for Gold Ore Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, China
    2. Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, China
    3. Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received:2024-08-09 Revised:2025-02-11 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-01-29

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摘要：

金矿是我国重要的战略性矿产之一,随着在浅地表发现新矿床的难度日益增加,深部找矿已成为当前的勘查重点区。传统基于二维尺度的构造叠加晕测量在深部找矿实践中取得了较好成效,但在定量构建原生晕组合、精细刻画深部矿体分布和揭示矿化作用过程方面还存在局限性。随着计算机科学的快速发展,应用数理统计分析方法定量化表征前缘晕、近矿晕和尾晕的元素组合关系,从而建立三维原生晕找矿预测模型成为解决这一科学问题的重要途径。为此,本文选取位于龙门山构造带的辛家咀金矿开展三维原生晕深部找矿预测研究。首先,通过野外地质调查掌握了区域演化背景和矿区地质特征,并利用金品位等值线图发现矿体为北西倾,并向南西方向侧伏,推测流体为自南西向北东、由深至浅的侧向运移方向。根据矿区矿化蚀变特征,系统采集辛家咀金矿Ⅰ号矿体主成矿阶段17件构造叠加晕样品和围岩中626件三维原生晕样品。分别利用基于长度的浓度-长度(C-L)分形模型提取了寒武系和志留系中各元素的异常阈值,使用z-score方法消除元素背景差异。然后,使用层次聚类分析方法将构造叠加晕10种元素划分为3个簇,根据元素组合特征与我国热液金矿床理想原生晕组合对比得到矿区前缘晕、近矿晕和尾晕指示元素分别为As和Sb,Au、Ag和W,Co、Mo、Cu、Zn和Ni;并利用主成分分析方法定量化表征各元素间的线性关系。使用Micromine软件建立矿区三维原生晕深部找矿预测模型,根据深部原生晕找矿指标,并结合地质认识,预测辛家咀金矿I号主矿体在南西深部还有一定延伸,II号矿体在深部300 m范围内可能存在盲矿体,III号矿体向南西方向的延伸为300~560 m。三维原生晕预测结果与地质和物探结果可相互验证,表明圈定靶区具有较高的可靠性和准确性。

关键词: 深部找矿预测, 三维原生晕, 构造叠加晕, 辛家咀金矿, 龙门山构造带

Abstract:

Gold resources are critical strategic minerals for China. With increasing challenges in discovering new orebodies at the surface, exploration focus has shifted to deeper regions. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) measurements of structural superimposed halos have yielded satisfactory results in deep exploration. However, they remain limited in (1) quantitatively constructing primary halo assemblages, (2) precisely delineating deep orebody distributions, and (3) elucidating mineralization processes. The rapid development of computer science has emerged as a pivotal approach to addressing this challenge. By applying mathematical statistical analysis methods to quantitatively characterize the elemental associations of front, near, and tail halos, it is possible to establish a three-dimensional (3D) primary halo model for prospecting prediction. This study focuses on the Xinjiazui gold deposit in the Longmenshan tectonic belt to conduct 3D primary halo deep prospecting predictions. Comprehensive field geological investigations were first carried out to systematically delineate the regional tectonic evolution and geological characteristics of the mining area. Analysis of gold grade contour maps revealed that the orebody dips to the northwest and plunges towards the southwest, indicating that ore-forming fluids likely migrated from depth in the southwest to shallower levels in the northeast. Based on the mineralization and alteration characteristics, a systematic sampling campaign was conducted at the Xinjiazui deposit. This included collecting 17 structural superimposed halo samples from the main mineralization stage of the AuⅠ orebody and 626 three-dimensional primary halo samples from the surrounding rocks. Using a concentration-length (C-L) fractal model, the anomaly thresholds for each element in the Cambrian and Silurian strata were determined, and the z-score method was employed to eliminate inter-element background differences. Subsequently, hierarchical cluster analysis categorized 10 elements from the structural superimposed halo into three clusters. By comparing these elemental associations with the ideal primary halo model for hydrothermal gold deposits in China, the following indicator elements for the mining area were identified: As and Sb for the front halo; Au, Ag, and W for the near halo; and Co, Mo, Cu, Zn, and Ni for the tail halo. Principal component analysis was then used to quantitatively characterize the linear relationships among these elements. Using Micromine software, a 3D primary halo deep prospecting model was established for the mining area. Based on deep primary halo indicators and geological understanding, the model predicts that: (1) the AuⅠ orebody extends further to the southwest at depth; (2) a blind orebody likely exists within a 300 m depth range of the AuⅡ orebody; and (3) the AuⅢ orebody extends approximately 300 to 560 m to the southwest. The 3D primary halo prediction results are mutually consistent with and validated by geological and geophysical exploration data, demonstrating high reliability and accuracy in delineating mineralization targets.

Key words: deep prospecting prediction, 3D primary halo, structural superimposing halo, Xinjiazui gold deposit, Longmenshan tectonic belt

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