银同位素在矿床学中的应用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

银同位素在矿床研究中的应用领域相对新颖。近年来随着分析测试技术的提升,研究人员已开始运用银同位素追踪并探究热液成矿系统中贵金属的迁移与矿化机制,进而深入理解贵金属矿床的形成过程,尤其揭示成矿流体中银的运移规律与同位素分馏机制。本文综述了银同位素在矿床研究中的应用,深入探讨了银的地球化学性质及银同位素的分馏机制,认为银同位素示踪对于理解矿床形成过程效果显著。在此基础上,本文详细阐述了银同位素在不同类型矿床及其成矿流体演化研究中的应用。此外,本文还归纳讨论了银同位素在判定矿床形成温度上的应用并探索了其在中国重要银多金属矿集区(东北部地区大型银多金属矿床)研究上的前景,这将有助于深入理解该区矿床成因和成矿过程。文末展望了未来银同位素的研究焦点:(1)进一步研究不同地质储库的银同位素组成特征;(2)深入理解岩浆-热液矿床银同位素分馏机制;(3)结合矿物学、地球化学数据及其他金属同位素体系(如铅、铜、锌等)进行综合分析;(4)数据解释与数值模拟相结合,挖掘内在过程。综上所述,本文通过对银同位素在矿床学中的应用进行评述,旨在深化理解银同位素体系,进一步示踪矿床的形成过程及矿化机制。

关键词: 银同位素, 分馏机制, 银矿床, 成矿过程

Abstract:

The application of silver isotopes to ore deposit research is a relatively new and burgeoning field. Recent advances in analytical techniques have enabled the use of silver isotopes as tracers to constrain the migration pathways and mineralization processes of precious metals in hydrothermal systems. This approach provides key insights into the formation of precious metal deposits, particularly by revealing silver transport dynamics and isotope fractionation in ore-forming fluids, demonstrating the effectiveness of silver isotopes for understanding mineralization. This review details the application of silver isotopes in various deposit types and their ore-fluid evolution. It also summarizes and discusses the use of silver isotopes in determining mineralization temperatures and explores prospects for studying large silver-polymetallic deposits in northeastern China, an important silver province. This review aims to foster an improved understanding of ore genesis and metallogeny in NE China. Future research directions for silver isotopes are proposed, focusing on: (1) enhancing investigations of silver isotope compositions in different geological reservoirs; (2) understanding silver isotope fractionation mechanisms in magmatic-hydrothermal systems in greater depth; (3) integrating silver isotope data with mineralogical, geochemical and other metal isotope systems (e.g., Pb, Cu, Zn); and (4) coupling interpretation with numerical simulation to unravel underlying processes. In summary, this paper reviews the application of silver isotopes in ore deposit research, with the aim of refining our understanding of the silver isotope system and tracing ore formation processes and mechanisms.

Key words: Ag isotopes, fractionation mechanism, silver deposits, mineralization process

中图分类号:

江玲, 张红雨, 刘家军, 赵青青, 许康宁, 豆明新, 张翊卓, 翟德高. 银同位素在矿床学中的应用[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(3): 189-210.

JIANG Ling, ZHANG Hongyu, LIU Jiajun, ZHAO Qingqing, XU Kangning, DOU Mingxin, ZHANG Yizhuo, ZHAI Degao. Applications of Ag isotopes to study on ore deposits[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(3): 189-210.

图/表 9

参考文献 68

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岩石类型	δ¹⁰⁹Ag/‰	参考文献	岩石类型	δ¹⁰⁹Ag/‰	参考文献
普通球粒陨石	-0.03	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]
普通球粒陨石	0.29	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.57	[39]
普通球粒陨石	0.05	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.59	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.02	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.59	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.06	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.30	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.02	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.16	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.07	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.26	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.00	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.05	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	0.87	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.01	[17]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.06	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.06	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.06	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.03	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.03	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.01	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.08	[38]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.10	[17]
碳质球粒陨石	0.02	[38]	玄武岩(BHVO-2)	-0.04	[6]
碳质球粒陨石	0.05	[38]	玄武岩(BHVO-2)	-0.16	[15]
碳质球粒陨石	0.08	[38]	玄武岩(BCR-2)	0.24	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.02	[38]	玄武岩(BCR-2)	0.20	[7]
碳质球粒陨石	0.01	[38]	玄武岩(BIR-1)	-0.24	[7]
碳质球粒陨石	0.04	[38]	安山岩(AGV-2)	0.31	[17]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	-0.06	[17]	安山岩(AGV-2)	0.07	[7]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	0.14	[17]	花岗岩(GSP-2)	-0.21	[7]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	0.06	[17]	花岗岩(G-2)	-0.07	[7]
铁陨石	0.29	[17]	流纹岩(RGM-2)	-0.04	[7]
铁陨石	-0.36	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	-0.03	[6]
铁陨石	-0.62	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	-0.04	[6]
铁陨石	-0.56	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	0.02	[6]
铁陨石	-2.50	[17]	铁锰结壳(NOD-P-1)	-0.24	[7]
夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]	硅酸盐地球	0.22±0.07	[15]

岩石类型	δ¹⁰⁹Ag/‰	参考文献	岩石类型	δ¹⁰⁹Ag/‰	参考文献
普通球粒陨石	-0.03	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]
普通球粒陨石	0.29	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.57	[39]
普通球粒陨石	0.05	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.59	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.02	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.59	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.06	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]
普通球粒陨石	-0.30	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.02	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.16	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.07	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.26	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	1.00	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.05	[17]	夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	0.87	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.01	[17]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.06	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.06	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.06	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.03	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.03	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	-0.01	[39]
碳质球粒陨石	-0.05	[39]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.01	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.08	[38]	科迪页岩(SCO-1)	0.10	[17]
碳质球粒陨石	0.02	[38]	玄武岩(BHVO-2)	-0.04	[6]
碳质球粒陨石	0.05	[38]	玄武岩(BHVO-2)	-0.16	[15]
碳质球粒陨石	0.08	[38]	玄武岩(BCR-2)	0.24	[3]
碳质球粒陨石	0.02	[38]	玄武岩(BCR-2)	0.20	[7]
碳质球粒陨石	0.01	[38]	玄武岩(BIR-1)	-0.24	[7]
碳质球粒陨石	0.04	[38]	安山岩(AGV-2)	0.31	[17]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	-0.06	[17]	安山岩(AGV-2)	0.07	[7]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	0.14	[17]	花岗岩(GSP-2)	-0.21	[7]
顽火辉石球粒陨石	0.06	[17]	花岗岩(G-2)	-0.07	[7]
铁陨石	0.29	[17]	流纹岩(RGM-2)	-0.04	[7]
铁陨石	-0.36	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	-0.03	[6]
铁陨石	-0.62	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	-0.04	[6]
铁陨石	-0.56	[17]	巴尔穆恰地幔岩	0.02	[6]
铁陨石	-2.50	[17]	铁锰结壳(NOD-P-1)	-0.24	[7]
夏威夷玄武岩(KOO49)	-0.58	[39]	硅酸盐地球	0.22±0.07	[15]