准噶尔盆地中北部蚀源区岩浆岩时空分布特征与铀源条件分析

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.12

地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 290-310.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.12

• 战略矿产成因机制与金属富集 • 上一篇下一篇

准噶尔盆地中北部蚀源区岩浆岩时空分布特征与铀源条件分析

曹玉召¹^,²(), 吴玉², 钟军², 朱斌², 韩长城¹^,^*(), 马静辉¹, 林陈雨²^,³, 何中波², 冀华丽², 东前², 郭子欣²

1.新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830047
2.核工业北京地质研究院, 铀资源探采与核遥感全国重点实验室, 北京 100029
3.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-05-16 修回日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通信作者: *韩长城(1984—),男,教授,主要从事石油地质及储层特征研究。E-mail: hanchangchen@126.com
作者简介:曹玉召(1999—),男,硕士研究生,地质资源与地质工程专业。E-mail: cao15230112600@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划项目(2023TSYCCX0009);国家自然科学基金项目(42062010);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A03003-2);中核集团青年英才项目(QNYC22-01);中国核工业地质局铀矿地质勘查项目(2022006006);中国核工业地质局铀矿地质勘查项目(22045405);中核集团集中研发项目(2021-143)

Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of magmatic rocks and uranium source conditions in the erosion source area of the Central and Northern Junggar Basin, China

CAO Yuzhao¹^,²(), WU Yu², ZHONG Jun², ZHU Bin², HAN Changcheng¹^,^*(), MA Jinghui¹, LIN Chenyu²^,³, HE Zhongbo², JI Huali², DONG Qian², GUO Zixin²

1. College of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, ürümqi 830047, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
3. College of Resources and Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-05-16 Revised:2025-01-21 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-01-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蚀源区铀源的分析和评价对沉积盆地中砂岩型铀矿的勘查具有重要意义。本研究聚焦于准噶尔盆地中北部地区,通过对蚀源区岩浆岩的铀含量特征、锆石U-Pb年龄分布和Hf同位素组成特征分析,探讨蚀源区岩浆岩时空分布特征、铀源条件以及有利铀源的岩浆岩特征,进而为准噶尔盆地中北部砂岩型铀矿找矿预测提供了源区评价依据。分析结果表明,准噶尔盆地中北部蚀源区富铀地质体的岩浆活动期次主要集中在奥陶纪、晚志留世—晚泥盆世和早石炭世—晚二叠世,其次为早侏罗世。在空间分布上,蚀源区富铀地质体的铀含量和供铀能力呈现出“自北向南减小、东高西低”的趋势。阿尔泰造山带中段和东准噶尔的野马泉岛弧带具有较高的供铀能力,而西准噶尔造山带的铀含量相对较低。在岩浆岩类型上,蚀源区古铀含量最高和供铀能力最强的岩体为酸性侵入岩,其次为碱性岩和酸性喷出岩,最后是中基性岩浆岩;在岩石成因上,S型的花岗岩较A型和I型花岗岩具有更好的铀源条件;另外,锆石Hf同位素特征显示,壳源岩浆岩相较于幔源岩浆岩更为富铀。因此,多种因素的叠加促使了有利铀源的形成。最后,根据有利铀源的分布和盆地内已知铀矿化信息,提出准噶尔盆地东部卡姆斯特地区、库普盆地西北缘、福津盆地北部以及和什托洛盖盆地北部具有较好的砂岩型铀矿的成矿潜力。

关键词: 古铀含量, 蚀源区岩浆岩, 铀源条件, 砂岩型铀矿, 准噶尔盆地中北部地区

Abstract:

Identifying uranium sources in erosion source areas is crucial for exploring sandstone-type uranium deposits in sedimentary basins. This study focuses on the central and northern Junggar Basin. By analyzing the uranium content, age distribution, and zircon Hf isotope composition of magmatic rocks in the source area, we aim to: (1) characterize their spatial and temporal distribution, (2) evaluate uranium source conditions, and (3) identify the features of magmatic rocks that favor uranium supply. This work provides a basis for predicting sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the region. Our results show that uranium-rich magmatic rocks in the source area were primarily formed during the Ordovician, Late Silurian to Late Devonian, and Early Carboniferous to Late Permian, with a minor phase in the Early Jurassic. Spatially, uranium content and the ability to provide uranium generally decrease from north to south and are higher in the east than in the west. Specifically, the central Altai Orogenic Belt and the Yemaquan Island Arc Belt in the East Junggar exhibit high uranium potential, whereas the West Junggar Orogenic Belt is relatively uranium-poor. Among the different magmatic rock types, acidic intrusive rocks possess the highest inherent uranium content and strongest potential to release uranium, followed by alkaline rocks and acidic extrusive rocks, whereas intermediate-mafic magmatic rocks have the lowest potential. Regarding petrogenesis, S-type granites offer more favorable uranium source conditions than A-type and I-type granites. Additionally, zircon Hf isotopes indicate that crust-derived magmas are more enriched in uranium than those derived from the mantle. Consequently, a combination of these factors controls the formation of favorable uranium sources. Finally, by integrating the distribution of these favorable sources with known mineralization data, we propose that the Kamster area (eastern Junggar), the northwestern margin of the Kupu Basin, the northern Fujin Basin, and the northern Hestoluogai Basin are promising targets for sandstone-type uranium exploration.

Key words: ancient uranium content, erosion source area magmatic rocks, uranium source conditions, sandstone-type uranium deposits, the central and northern Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

曹玉召, 吴玉, 钟军, 朱斌, 韩长城, 马静辉, 林陈雨, 何中波, 冀华丽, 东前, 郭子欣. 准噶尔盆地中北部蚀源区岩浆岩时空分布特征与铀源条件分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(2): 290-310.

CAO Yuzhao, WU Yu, ZHONG Jun, ZHU Bin, HAN Changcheng, MA Jinghui, LIN Chenyu, HE Zhongbo, JI Huali, DONG Qian, GUO Zixin. Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of magmatic rocks and uranium source conditions in the erosion source area of the Central and Northern Junggar Basin, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(2): 290-310.

图/表 12

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地区		富铀岩浆岩类型	地球化学特征	U₀/10^-6	平均ΔU/10^-6	锆石ε_Hf(t)
阿尔泰造山带	阿尔泰造山带北段	花岗闪长岩、(片麻状)二长花岗岩、流纹岩	S型和I型	4.79~5.52 (5.11)	2.31	-2.05~12.57 (5.94)
	阿尔泰造山带中段	(英安质)流纹岩、钾长花岗岩、(片麻状)二长花岗岩、淡色花岗岩、(片麻状)黑云母花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩、(花岗)伟晶岩	S型和I型为主, 其次为A型	4.54~16.98 (7.28)	4.57	-22.18~15.89 (4.89)
	阿尔泰造山带南段	碱长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、正长花岗岩、流纹斑岩、二长花岗岩	I型和A型	4.60~7.31 (5.72)	2.55	-3.89~15.49 (5.60)
西准噶尔造山带	萨吾尔岛弧带	流纹岩、安山岩、碱性花岗岩、二长花岗岩	I型和A型	1.93~2.88 (2.48)	0.47	6.95~15.56 (12.99)
	成吉斯岛弧带	碱性花岗岩、流纹岩、流纹斑岩、英安岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.62~6.86 (5.22)	1.92	3.20~15.40 (11.15)
	达拉布特岛弧带	碱长花岗岩、流纹岩、石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.55~6.38 (5.54)	0.80	1.13~15.70 (13.09)
东准噶尔造山带	杜拉特岛弧带	钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、流纹岩、花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩	I型和A型	4.62~8.29 (5.68)	3.37	1.50~22.70 (12.67)
	野马泉岛弧带	黑云母花岗岩、碱长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、粗粒花岗岩、火山碎屑岩、钾长花岗岩、流纹斑岩、花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.54~14.07 (8.98)	5.06	2.20~18.80 (12.52)
	将军庙地块	钾长花岗岩、流纹岩、玻屑凝灰岩、碱长花岗岩、碱长花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	1.89~4.07 (2.77)	0.51	1.90~18.70 (12.09)

地区		富铀岩浆岩类型	地球化学特征	U₀/10^-6	平均ΔU/10^-6	锆石ε_Hf(t)
阿尔泰造山带	阿尔泰造山带北段	花岗闪长岩、(片麻状)二长花岗岩、流纹岩	S型和I型	4.79~5.52 (5.11)	2.31	-2.05~12.57 (5.94)
	阿尔泰造山带中段	(英安质)流纹岩、钾长花岗岩、(片麻状)二长花岗岩、淡色花岗岩、(片麻状)黑云母花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩、(花岗)伟晶岩	S型和I型为主, 其次为A型	4.54~16.98 (7.28)	4.57	-22.18~15.89 (4.89)
	阿尔泰造山带南段	碱长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、正长花岗岩、流纹斑岩、二长花岗岩	I型和A型	4.60~7.31 (5.72)	2.55	-3.89~15.49 (5.60)
西准噶尔造山带	萨吾尔岛弧带	流纹岩、安山岩、碱性花岗岩、二长花岗岩	I型和A型	1.93~2.88 (2.48)	0.47	6.95~15.56 (12.99)
	成吉斯岛弧带	碱性花岗岩、流纹岩、流纹斑岩、英安岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.62~6.86 (5.22)	1.92	3.20~15.40 (11.15)
	达拉布特岛弧带	碱长花岗岩、流纹岩、石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.55~6.38 (5.54)	0.80	1.13~15.70 (13.09)
东准噶尔造山带	杜拉特岛弧带	钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、流纹岩、花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩	I型和A型	4.62~8.29 (5.68)	3.37	1.50~22.70 (12.67)
	野马泉岛弧带	黑云母花岗岩、碱长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、粗粒花岗岩、火山碎屑岩、钾长花岗岩、流纹斑岩、花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	4.54~14.07 (8.98)	5.06	2.20~18.80 (12.52)
	将军庙地块	钾长花岗岩、流纹岩、玻屑凝灰岩、碱长花岗岩、碱长花岗斑岩	A型为主, 其次为I型	1.89~4.07 (2.77)	0.51	1.90~18.70 (12.09)

地区		岩性	U含量/10^-6	K值	平均ΔU/10^-6	U₀/10^-6	评价
阿尔泰造山带	阿尔泰造山带北段	酸性侵入岩	1.02~3.41(2.00)	5.15~18.64(8.66)	1.61	1.40~5.52(3.61)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.54~3.11(1.50)	3.98~27.04(9.76)	1.41	1.60~3.88(2.67)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.21~0.34(0.28)	1.97~2.29(2.13)	0.00	0.11~0.16(0.14)	贫
	阿尔泰造山带中段	酸性侵入岩	0.91~6.67(2.55)	0.67~30.97(9.30)	2.83	1.07~16.98(5.06)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.84~3.53(2.66)	4.29~7.03(4.91)	0.41	2. 21~4.83(3.08)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.17~3.65(1.34)	1.88~23.02(8.42)	2.11	0.37~7.95(3.21)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.02~0.59(0.25)	0.25~6.25(2.06)	0.01	0.01~0.23(0.11)	贫
		碱性岩	1.10~3.53(1.93)	1.00~14.67(6.20)	3.34	5.24~6.48(5.86)	富
	阿尔泰造山带南段	酸性侵入岩	0.71~4.68(2.72)	5.77~20.70(10.89)	2.59	3.50~7.31(5.31)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.66~1.72(1.69)	9.04~10.12(9.56)	3.85	3.57~4.07(3.85)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.34~2.12(1.17)	2.26~6.88(4.89)	0.36	0.38~2.36(1.42)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.06~2.11(0.88)	0.04~6.35(2.38)	0.07	0.07~1.55(0.58)	贫
		碱性岩	2.78~4.19(3.38)	5.77~6.95(6.50)	1.78	4.60~5.75(5.16)	富
西准噶尔造山带	萨吾尔岛弧带	酸性喷出岩	2.22~2.46(2.34)	4.51~5.45(4.98)	0.42	2.64~2.88(2.76)	中等
	萨吾尔岛弧带	中基性喷出岩	0.04~1.36(0.49)	1.25~5.96(3.02)	0.04	0.04~1.93(0.55)	贫
	成吉斯岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	1.06~5.26(2.26)	4.62~15.75(7.36)	1.50	2.20~6.86(3.76)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	2.20~4.14(3.11)	4.84~6.77(5.70)	1.04	2.88~4.98(4.15)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.10~4.60(1.57)	1.68~11.82(4.72)	0.29	0.14~4.74(1.85)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.11~3.23(1.35)	1.12~5.35(3.10)	0.13	0.18~2.70(1.07)	贫
		碱性岩	1.38~5.26(2.74)	4.48~11.30(7.06)	1.68	1.67~6.86(4.43)	中等
	达拉布特岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	0.70~5.66(1.90)	4.50~8.61(5.85)	0.59	1.11~6.38(2.49)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	2.50~3.52(3.04)	5.43~6.20(5.68)	1.06	3.58~4.57(4.10)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.04~3.48(1.08)	0.33~7.42(3.60)	0.14	0.04~2.67(1.05)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.01~1.83(0.56)	0.82~6.60(2.87)	0.02	0.01~2.36(0.41)	贫
		碱性岩	0.79~5.66(2.24)	2.46~6.97(4.87)	0.38	0.74~6.38(2.45)	中等
东准噶尔造山带	杜拉特岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	0.80~4.00(1.79)	6.75~36.30(11.93)	2.74	2.76~8.29(4.53)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.20~3.21(2.57)	4.20~5.07(4.51)	0.22	1.24~3.29(2.76)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.06~3.80(1.29)	0.66~21.60(4.15)	0.32	0.06~5.14(1.24)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.34~3.74(1.40)	0.72~21.88(2.95)	0.12	0.43~4.64(0.93)	贫
		碱性岩	0.80~4.00(1.72)	3.50~21.60(10.67)	2.47	0.76~8.29(4.02)	中等
	野马泉岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	1.44~6.92(3.77)	5.97~17.15(9.78)	4.79	3.02~14.07(8.56)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.64~2.83(2.04)	4.34~8.01(6.79)	1.02	2.93~3.13(3.06)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.12~4.29(1.19)	0.41~8.88(3.29)	0.08	0.13~2.86(1.11)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.08~6.12(1.68)	0.45~25.36(3.60)	0.03	0.36~4.07(1.17)	贫
		碱性岩	0.08~6.14(2.89)	2.90~25.36(8.86)	3.35	0.51~12.50(5.74)	富
	将军庙地块	酸性侵入岩	1.83~2.70(2.17)	4.76~6.61(5.35)	0.58	2.45~3.50(2.75)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	3.11~3.90(3.38)	4.38~4.90(4.67)	0.36	3.52~4.07(3.74)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.32~2.24(1.06)	3.17~8.88(4.43)	0.14	0.32~2.94(1.16)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.57~0.98(0.72)	3.17~3.69(3.38)	0.00	0.46~0.86(0.58)	贫
		碱性岩	1.83~2.70(2.24)	4.76~6.61(5.47)	0.65	2.60~3.50(2.89)	中等

地区		岩性	U含量/10^-6	K值	平均ΔU/10^-6	U₀/10^-6	评价
阿尔泰造山带	阿尔泰造山带北段	酸性侵入岩	1.02~3.41(2.00)	5.15~18.64(8.66)	1.61	1.40~5.52(3.61)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.54~3.11(1.50)	3.98~27.04(9.76)	1.41	1.60~3.88(2.67)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.21~0.34(0.28)	1.97~2.29(2.13)	0.00	0.11~0.16(0.14)	贫
	阿尔泰造山带中段	酸性侵入岩	0.91~6.67(2.55)	0.67~30.97(9.30)	2.83	1.07~16.98(5.06)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.84~3.53(2.66)	4.29~7.03(4.91)	0.41	2. 21~4.83(3.08)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.17~3.65(1.34)	1.88~23.02(8.42)	2.11	0.37~7.95(3.21)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.02~0.59(0.25)	0.25~6.25(2.06)	0.01	0.01~0.23(0.11)	贫
		碱性岩	1.10~3.53(1.93)	1.00~14.67(6.20)	3.34	5.24~6.48(5.86)	富
	阿尔泰造山带南段	酸性侵入岩	0.71~4.68(2.72)	5.77~20.70(10.89)	2.59	3.50~7.31(5.31)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.66~1.72(1.69)	9.04~10.12(9.56)	3.85	3.57~4.07(3.85)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.34~2.12(1.17)	2.26~6.88(4.89)	0.36	0.38~2.36(1.42)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.06~2.11(0.88)	0.04~6.35(2.38)	0.07	0.07~1.55(0.58)	贫
		碱性岩	2.78~4.19(3.38)	5.77~6.95(6.50)	1.78	4.60~5.75(5.16)	富
西准噶尔造山带	萨吾尔岛弧带	酸性喷出岩	2.22~2.46(2.34)	4.51~5.45(4.98)	0.42	2.64~2.88(2.76)	中等
	萨吾尔岛弧带	中基性喷出岩	0.04~1.36(0.49)	1.25~5.96(3.02)	0.04	0.04~1.93(0.55)	贫
	成吉斯岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	1.06~5.26(2.26)	4.62~15.75(7.36)	1.50	2.20~6.86(3.76)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	2.20~4.14(3.11)	4.84~6.77(5.70)	1.04	2.88~4.98(4.15)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.10~4.60(1.57)	1.68~11.82(4.72)	0.29	0.14~4.74(1.85)	中等
		中基性喷出岩	0.11~3.23(1.35)	1.12~5.35(3.10)	0.13	0.18~2.70(1.07)	贫
		碱性岩	1.38~5.26(2.74)	4.48~11.30(7.06)	1.68	1.67~6.86(4.43)	中等
	达拉布特岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	0.70~5.66(1.90)	4.50~8.61(5.85)	0.59	1.11~6.38(2.49)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	2.50~3.52(3.04)	5.43~6.20(5.68)	1.06	3.58~4.57(4.10)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.04~3.48(1.08)	0.33~7.42(3.60)	0.14	0.04~2.67(1.05)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.01~1.83(0.56)	0.82~6.60(2.87)	0.02	0.01~2.36(0.41)	贫
		碱性岩	0.79~5.66(2.24)	2.46~6.97(4.87)	0.38	0.74~6.38(2.45)	中等
东准噶尔造山带	杜拉特岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	0.80~4.00(1.79)	6.75~36.30(11.93)	2.74	2.76~8.29(4.53)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.20~3.21(2.57)	4.20~5.07(4.51)	0.22	1.24~3.29(2.76)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.06~3.80(1.29)	0.66~21.60(4.15)	0.32	0.06~5.14(1.24)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.34~3.74(1.40)	0.72~21.88(2.95)	0.12	0.43~4.64(0.93)	贫
		碱性岩	0.80~4.00(1.72)	3.50~21.60(10.67)	2.47	0.76~8.29(4.02)	中等
	野马泉岛弧带	酸性侵入岩	1.44~6.92(3.77)	5.97~17.15(9.78)	4.79	3.02~14.07(8.56)	富
		酸性喷出岩	1.64~2.83(2.04)	4.34~8.01(6.79)	1.02	2.93~3.13(3.06)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.12~4.29(1.19)	0.41~8.88(3.29)	0.08	0.13~2.86(1.11)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.08~6.12(1.68)	0.45~25.36(3.60)	0.03	0.36~4.07(1.17)	贫
		碱性岩	0.08~6.14(2.89)	2.90~25.36(8.86)	3.35	0.51~12.50(5.74)	富
	将军庙地块	酸性侵入岩	1.83~2.70(2.17)	4.76~6.61(5.35)	0.58	2.45~3.50(2.75)	中等
		酸性喷出岩	3.11~3.90(3.38)	4.38~4.90(4.67)	0.36	3.52~4.07(3.74)	中等
		中基性侵入岩	0.32~2.24(1.06)	3.17~8.88(4.43)	0.14	0.32~2.94(1.16)	贫
		中基性喷出岩	0.57~0.98(0.72)	3.17~3.69(3.38)	0.00	0.46~0.86(0.58)	贫
		碱性岩	1.83~2.70(2.24)	4.76~6.61(5.47)	0.65	2.60~3.50(2.89)	中等

准噶尔盆地中北部蚀源区岩浆岩时空分布特征与铀源条件分析

Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of magmatic rocks and uranium source conditions in the erosion source area of the Central and Northern Junggar Basin, China

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