The origin of ore-forming materials of the Yanshanian porphyry Mo-hydrothermal Pb-Zn(Ag) metallogenic system in eastern China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.14

Abstract

Abstract:

China is currently the biggest producer of Mo, Pb, and Zn, and it holds the biggest Mo resource and the second biggest Pb and Zn resources in the world. The Yanshanian porphyry Mo deposits and hydrothermal Pb-Zn (Ag) deposits in eastern China are the most important sources of Mo, Pb, and Zn in China, and many geological and geochemical studies have been conducted thereon. It is proposed that the hydrothermal Pb-Zn (Ag) deposits comprise parts of the porphyry Mo metallogenic system. However, there is still a controversary regarding the origin of the parent magma and the ore-forming materials for this metallogenic system. The porphyry Mo deposits have been considered to be related to a typical crust source magma, but further geological and geochemical studies imply that a mantle derived magma was involved in the ore-forming process. Carbonatite, a typical mantle magmatic rock, allows researchers to study the chemical composition of the mantle. Carbonatite derived from the partial melting of the enriched mantle that undergoes melt or fluid metasomatism from a subducted oceanic plate, has the highest Mo content among all kinds of magmatic rocks and also contains large amounts of Pb, Zn, Ag, S, CO₂, and H₂O. The Sr and Nd isotopic data and trace element results of the causative magmatic rock related to the porphyry Mo deposits in eastern China showed an ocean island basalt affinity, and the coeval mafic rock and carbonatite appeared to originate from the enriched mantle. Thus, this study proposes that the magma related to the Yanshanian Mo-Pb-Zn (Ag) system in eastern China is derived from the partial melting of the enriched mantle, and the ore material and ore-forming fluids may also come from the mantle.

Key words: eastern China, Yanshanian, Mo-Pb-Zn(Ag) metallogenic system, magma source, the origin of ore-forming materials

CLC Number:

XIE Yuling, CUI Kai, XIA Jiaming, WANG Ying, QU Yunwei, YU Chao, SHAN Xiaoyu. The origin of ore-forming materials of the Yanshanian porphyry Mo-hydrothermal Pb-Zn(Ag) metallogenic system in eastern China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(2): 182-196.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Diagram of Mo (a), Pb (b), Zn (c) mine production in the world from 2015 to 2018. Data from [8-11].

Fig.2 The distribution of Yanshanian porphyry Mo and hydrothermal Pb-Zn (Ag) deposits of China and their tectonic settings. The tectonic setting after [34].

Fig.3 Simplified geological map with distribution of porphyry Mo and hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits in the Luanchuan area, Henan Province. Adapted from [16].

Fig.4 Simplified geological map of the Shapinggou area with distribution of Pb-Zn deposits. Modified from [46].

Fig.5 Zr-10000Ga/Al (a) and K2O-Na2O (b) diagrams of causative porphyry for Yanshanian porphyry Mo deposits in eastern China. Data adapted from [50,79-85].

Fig.6 Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns and chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the intrusive rocks from typical Mo deposits in eastern China. Standardized data from [89].

Fig.7 (87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t) diagram of causative porphyry for selected porphyry Mo deposits in eastern China

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