狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带中西段硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.4.1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

放射虫硅质岩为蛇绿岩的上覆沉积盖层,其地球化学特征可以帮助探讨蛇绿岩的形成环境和沉积盆地的构造-古地理演化。对狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带西段古昌蛇绿岩中的硅质岩进行了详细的地球化学分析,并与拉果错和果芒错硅质岩进行了对比研究,以探讨它们的成因及沉积环境。古昌硅质岩SiO₂含量较低,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值为0.87~0.95,为非热液成因硅质岩,稀土配分模式整体为轻稀土略亏损的左倾曲线,具有明显的负Eu异常,基本无Ce异常,Y/Ho比值为21~24,Ti/V比值为220.67~862.02,V/Y比值为0.05~0.29,沉积于大陆边缘环境。对比分析发现,拉果错硅质岩具有与古昌硅质岩相似的特征,而果芒错硅质岩显示了一定大洋盆地硅质岩的特征,并且受到轻微热液作用影响,可能形成于一个更加成熟开阔的洋盆之中。综合蛇绿岩其他端员的研究成果,狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带中西段可能代表了一个靠近大陆边缘的古洋盆,东部果芒错地区发育较为开阔,往西洋盆规模逐渐变小。

关键词: 青藏高原, 狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带, 硅质岩, 地球化学, 沉积环境

Abstract:

The geochemistry of radiolarian siliceous, as sedimentary cover of ophiolite, plays a role in investigating the formation environment of ophiolite and tectonic-paleogeographic evolution of the sedimentary basin. In this paper, we studied the petrology and whole-rock geochemistry of Guchang siliceous in the western part of the Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali tectonic belt (SYJTB), and carried out a comparative analysis involving Laguoco and Guomangco siliceous to determine the origin and sedimentary environments of siliceous in these areas. The low SiO₂ content and Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio (0.87-0.95) indicate a non-hydrothermal origin of Guchang siliceous. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of most of these rocks show left-leaning types with slight light REE (LREE) and obvious Eu depletion and no Ce anomalies. The Y/Ho, Ti/V and V/Y ratios in Guchang siliceous are 21-24, 220.67-862.02 and 0.05-0.29, respectively. These results suggest that Guchang siliceous is formed in a continental margin environment. The characteristics of Laguoco and Guchang siliceous were similar. However, Guomangco siliceous has some oceanic basin siliceous characteristics affected slightly by hydrothermal fluids, indicating its probable formation in a more mature oceanic basin. Combining with the ophiolite data, the middle and western part of the SYJTB likely represent an ancient oceanic basin near the continental margin, and the oceanic basin in Guomangco is more mature and wider than that those in Guchang and Laguoco.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali tectonic belt, siliceous, geochemistry, sedimentary environment

中图分类号:

P584
P595

徐梦婧, 赵佩云, 兰锐, 吴彦旺, 肖雪, 张金博. 狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带中西段硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(3): 182-190.

XU Mengjing, ZHAO Peiyun, LAN Rui, WU Yanwang, XIAO Xue, ZHANG Jinbo. Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environments of siliceous in the middle and western parts of the Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali tectonic belt[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(3): 182-190.

图/表 8

图1 古昌地区地质简图(a据文献[9,23-24]修改; b据文献[5]; c据文献[25]修改) a—青藏高原大地构造简图;b—班公湖—怒江缝合带和狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带中西段蛇绿岩分布图;c—古昌蛇绿岩地质简图。JSZ—金沙江缝合带;LSLSZ—龙木错—双湖—澜沧江缝合带;BNSZ—班公湖—怒江缝合带;SYJTB—狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎构造带;YZSZ—雅鲁藏布江缝合带。

Fig.1 Regional geological sketch map of Guchang. Modified from [5,9,23-25].

图2 古昌硅质岩野外及显微镜下特征 a—硅质岩野外产出状态;b—硅质岩显微镜下特征,(+)为正交偏光镜下照片,(-)为单偏光镜下照片。

Fig.2 Field and microscopic characteristics of Guchang siliceous

表1 古昌硅质岩主量和微量元素分析结果

Table 1 Results of major and trace elemental analysis of Guchang siliceous

样品编号	w_B/%												w_B/10^-6
样品编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	MnO	LOI	Total	Li	Be	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr		Zr		Mo
Q7T11h1	81.26	10.54	0.07	1.04	0.38	0.09	4.18	0.97	0.01	0.03	1.08	99.55	11.37	1.12	1.85	4.17	1.39	3.43	2.34	30.70	8.52	28.01	96.10		100		0.30
Q7T11h2	73.34	14.89	0.13	0.56	0.36	0.03	7.44	0.64	0.02	0.01	0.79	98.15	6.44	1.47	0.90	9.68	2.37	2.96	2.57	18.87	9.75	10.77	114		232		0.47
Q7T11h3	78.55	12.20	0.16	0.79	0.42	0.16	3.47	1.91	0.03	0.02	1.47	99.10	13.34	1.47	2.93	4.93	1.43	1.41	2.93	17.57	12.15	48.32	70.16		177		0.24
Q7T11h4	78.07	11.54	0.16	0.97	0.84	0.10	5.50	0.46	0.03	0.04	1.29	98.90	6.80	1.07	3.83	5.41	2.48	3.97	4.56	28.49	6.85	5.83	83.75		157		0.15
Q7T11h5	75.92	12.68	0.13	1.05	0.66	0.20	6.45	0.11	0.03	0.05	1.10	98.27	9.39	0.73	3.03	5.36	1.22	2.66	6.13	17.34	8.95	0.77	56.25		121		1.95
Q7T11h6	82.79	9.13	0.14	1.05	0.30	0.06	4.29	0.16	0.02	0.03	0.87	98.73	11.53	0.77	3.80	3.47	1.08	1.41	3.05	29.64	6.79	1.24	38.78		136		1.00
Q7T11h7	79.06	10.46	0.14	0.98	1.67	0.13	3.66	1.33	0.03	0.02	2.11	99.50	6.74	1.34	2.50	4.51	1.12	0.73	3.60	30.40	10.77	31.38	95.36		180		1.15
Q7T11h8	81.50	10.23	0.09	0.59	0.27	0.10	0.63	6.09	0.01	0.03	0.91	100.39	5.86	0.87	1.93	4.58	0.82	0.78	3.18	11.83	7.30	155	47.19		108		0.11
样品编号	w_B/10^-6
样品编号	Y	Nb	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	Pb	Bi	Th		U		ΣREE
Q7T11h1	11.4	13.28	0.92	222	9.46	26.57	3.00	11.85	3.02	0.42	3.02	0.48	2.75	0.55	1.63	0.29	2.17	0.33	4.55	1.25	27.08	0.25	14.67	2.08		65.54
Q7T11h2	19.24	18.53	0.39	173	26.56	58.79	6.80	26.08	5.46	0.77	5.25	0.79	4.53	0.94	2.85	0.43	3.11	0.47	7.91	1.43	19.25	0.24	15.46	2.83		142.84
Q7T11h3	20.70	15.26	1.39	409	32.14	64.47	7.75	28.72	5.70	0.56	5.34	0.79	4.47	0.93	3.01	0.44	2.97	0.46	6.01	1.35	26.75	0.47	18.99	3.57		157.76
Q7T11h4	19.71	14.82	0.65	119	18.68	42.37	5.20	20.49	4.68	0.64	4.84	0.74	4.35	0.89	2.71	0.40	2.78	0.40	5.53	1.21	27.77	0.47	14.88	3.27		109.18
Q7T11h5	17.16	10.47	0.20	25.18	21.61	42.61	4.98	18.17	3.63	0.61	3.58	0.54	3.33	0.72	2.28	0,34	2.38	0.36	4.42	0.87	13.21	0.13	11.63	2.42		105.14
Q7T11h6	12.90	14.49	0.20	26.08	9.74	30.25	3.02	11.76	2.73	0.35	2.84	0.46	2.91	0.60	1.88	0.29	2.04	0.31	5.07	1.11	25.58	0.48	10.73	2.45		69.16
Q7T11h7	32.89	14.79	1.08	351	40.16	79.89	9.16	35.02	7.25	0.72	7.51	1.17	6.89	1.40	4.27	0.61	3.90	0.57	5.88	1.18	33.80	0.39	21.34	3.37		198.54
Q7T11h8	11.38	11.26	1.94	868	34.45	69.05	7.42	26.51	4.72	0.57	4.26	0.52	2.67	0.48	1.42	0.19	1.20	0.17	4.06	0.95	25.58	0.32	12.93	2.54		153.64

表1 古昌硅质岩主量和微量元素分析结果

Table 1 Results of major and trace elemental analysis of Guchang siliceous

样品编号	w_B/%												w_B/10^-6
样品编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	MnO	LOI	Total	Li	Be	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr		Zr		Mo
Q7T11h1	81.26	10.54	0.07	1.04	0.38	0.09	4.18	0.97	0.01	0.03	1.08	99.55	11.37	1.12	1.85	4.17	1.39	3.43	2.34	30.70	8.52	28.01	96.10		100		0.30
Q7T11h2	73.34	14.89	0.13	0.56	0.36	0.03	7.44	0.64	0.02	0.01	0.79	98.15	6.44	1.47	0.90	9.68	2.37	2.96	2.57	18.87	9.75	10.77	114		232		0.47
Q7T11h3	78.55	12.20	0.16	0.79	0.42	0.16	3.47	1.91	0.03	0.02	1.47	99.10	13.34	1.47	2.93	4.93	1.43	1.41	2.93	17.57	12.15	48.32	70.16		177		0.24
Q7T11h4	78.07	11.54	0.16	0.97	0.84	0.10	5.50	0.46	0.03	0.04	1.29	98.90	6.80	1.07	3.83	5.41	2.48	3.97	4.56	28.49	6.85	5.83	83.75		157		0.15
Q7T11h5	75.92	12.68	0.13	1.05	0.66	0.20	6.45	0.11	0.03	0.05	1.10	98.27	9.39	0.73	3.03	5.36	1.22	2.66	6.13	17.34	8.95	0.77	56.25		121		1.95
Q7T11h6	82.79	9.13	0.14	1.05	0.30	0.06	4.29	0.16	0.02	0.03	0.87	98.73	11.53	0.77	3.80	3.47	1.08	1.41	3.05	29.64	6.79	1.24	38.78		136		1.00
Q7T11h7	79.06	10.46	0.14	0.98	1.67	0.13	3.66	1.33	0.03	0.02	2.11	99.50	6.74	1.34	2.50	4.51	1.12	0.73	3.60	30.40	10.77	31.38	95.36		180		1.15
Q7T11h8	81.50	10.23	0.09	0.59	0.27	0.10	0.63	6.09	0.01	0.03	0.91	100.39	5.86	0.87	1.93	4.58	0.82	0.78	3.18	11.83	7.30	155	47.19		108		0.11
样品编号	w_B/10^-6
样品编号	Y	Nb	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	Pb	Bi	Th		U		ΣREE
Q7T11h1	11.4	13.28	0.92	222	9.46	26.57	3.00	11.85	3.02	0.42	3.02	0.48	2.75	0.55	1.63	0.29	2.17	0.33	4.55	1.25	27.08	0.25	14.67	2.08		65.54
Q7T11h2	19.24	18.53	0.39	173	26.56	58.79	6.80	26.08	5.46	0.77	5.25	0.79	4.53	0.94	2.85	0.43	3.11	0.47	7.91	1.43	19.25	0.24	15.46	2.83		142.84
Q7T11h3	20.70	15.26	1.39	409	32.14	64.47	7.75	28.72	5.70	0.56	5.34	0.79	4.47	0.93	3.01	0.44	2.97	0.46	6.01	1.35	26.75	0.47	18.99	3.57		157.76
Q7T11h4	19.71	14.82	0.65	119	18.68	42.37	5.20	20.49	4.68	0.64	4.84	0.74	4.35	0.89	2.71	0.40	2.78	0.40	5.53	1.21	27.77	0.47	14.88	3.27		109.18
Q7T11h5	17.16	10.47	0.20	25.18	21.61	42.61	4.98	18.17	3.63	0.61	3.58	0.54	3.33	0.72	2.28	0,34	2.38	0.36	4.42	0.87	13.21	0.13	11.63	2.42		105.14
Q7T11h6	12.90	14.49	0.20	26.08	9.74	30.25	3.02	11.76	2.73	0.35	2.84	0.46	2.91	0.60	1.88	0.29	2.04	0.31	5.07	1.11	25.58	0.48	10.73	2.45		69.16
Q7T11h7	32.89	14.79	1.08	351	40.16	79.89	9.16	35.02	7.25	0.72	7.51	1.17	6.89	1.40	4.27	0.61	3.90	0.57	5.88	1.18	33.80	0.39	21.34	3.37		198.54
Q7T11h8	11.38	11.26	1.94	868	34.45	69.05	7.42	26.51	4.72	0.57	4.26	0.52	2.67	0.48	1.42	0.19	1.20	0.17	4.06	0.95	25.58	0.32	12.93	2.54		153.64

图3 古昌硅质岩北美页岩标准化稀土配分模式图(图b果芒错和拉果错硅质岩数据引自文献[28,29])

Fig.3 NASC-normalized REE diagrams for Guchang siliceous. Data from [28,29].

表2 古昌、拉果错和果芒错硅质岩元素比值对比表

Table 2 Comparison of elemental ratios of Guchang,Laguoco and Guomangco siliceous

地点	样品编号	(La/Yb)_SN	(La/Ce)_SN	Eu/Eu^*	Ce/Ce^*	Th/Sc	Th/U	Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)	Si/(Si+Al+Ca+Fe)	Al₂O₃/TiO₂	Y/Ho
古昌	Q7T11h1	0.42	0.81	0.61	1.09	9.97	7.06	0.88	0.85	150.57	20.66
	Q7T11h2	0.83	1.03	0.63	0.95	3.48	5.45	0.95	0.80	114.54	20.52
	Q7T11h3	1.05	1.14	0.45	0.89	8.37	5.31	0.92	0.83	76.25	22.15
	Q7T11h4	0.65	1.01	0.59	0.94	8.15	4.55	0.90	0.83	72.13	22.12
	Q7T11h5	0.88	1.16	0.75	0.89	3.13	4.81	0.90	0.82	97.54	24.00
	Q7T11h6	0.46	0.73	0.55	1.22	6.66	4.37	0.87	0.87	65.21	21.53
	Q7T11h7	1.00	1.15	0.43	0.91	8.28	6.33	0.89	0.83	74.71	23.43
	Q7T11h8	2.77	1.14	0.56	0.94	39.17	5.09	0.93	0.86	113.67	23.70
果芒错^[28]	q11T4H1	1.00	1.13	0.94	0.94	0.19	2.90	0.55	0.79	24.92	27.01
	q11T4H2	0.98	1.16	1.03	0.93	0.24	2.84	0.58	0.81	23.93	26.96
	q11T4H3	0.99	1.16	1.04	0.92	0.36	4.86	0.60	0.75	22.71	28.26
	q11T4H4	0.98	1.17	1.09	0.92	0.37	6.42	0.59	0.76	24.45	27.69
	q11T4H5	0.88	1.16	1.08	0.92	0.24	4.61	0.57	0.78	22.15	27.57
拉果错^[29]	PM001Gs15	0.58	1.04	0.89	0.97	2.58	8.55	0.81	0.85	53.41	25.09

图4 古昌硅质岩V/Y-Ti/V图解(据文献[30])

Fig.4 V/Y vs. Ti/V diagram for the Guchang siliceous.Adapted from[30].

图5 古昌硅质岩Th/Sc-La/Cr图解(a)和La-Th-Sc图解(b)(a据文献[43]; b据文献[44])

Fig.5 (a) Plot of Th/Sc vs. La/Cr and (b) triangular La-Th-Sc diagram for Guchang siliceous. Adapted from [43-44].

图6 古昌硅质岩沉积环境判别图解(据文献[41])

Fig.6 Discriminant diagrams for depositional settings of Guchang siliceous. Adapted from [41].

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