扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底对中生代大面积低温成矿的制约

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大面积低温成矿主要见于扬子克拉通和美国中西部,且扬子克拉通比美国中西部具有更多的矿床类型,在全球极具特色,是建立大面积低温成矿理论的理想区域。前人对扬子克拉通中生代大面积低温矿作用进行了较系统的研究,在矿床地质特征、矿床物质组成、成矿流体特征、成矿时代和成矿动力学背景等方面,已取得重要进展。进一步的研究表明,扬子低温成矿域不同矿种的矿床组合(Pb-Zn、Au-Hg-Sb-As、Au-Sb等)在地理位置上是分区产出的,而这种不同矿床组合的分区对应着不同类型的前寒武纪基底。初步证据显示,扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底(含寒武纪)富含低温成矿元素,深循环流体浸取基底岩石中的成矿元素发生了大面积低温成矿,而基底岩石成矿元素组成的空间不均一分布则控制了不同区域矿床组合的差异。应指出的是,由于成矿金属元素来源示踪的复杂性,大面积低温成矿的物质基础尚需更系统的研究进一步证实。

关键词: 扬子克拉通, 前寒武纪基底, 中生代大面积低温成矿, 成矿金属元素来源

Abstract:

Large-scale low-temperature mineralization occurs throughout the Yangtze Craton and central-western USA, with the former containing more types of low-temperature deposit. In addition to the MVT Pb-Zn and Carlin-type Au-(As)-(Sb)-(Hg)-(Tl) deposits common to the central-western USA, the Yangtze Craton also contains numerous vein-type Sb, Hg, and As deposits, making it ideal for exploring low-temperature mineralization formation models. Numerous studies have been conducted on the Mesozoic large-scale low-temperature mineralization in the Yangtze Craton, and the deposit geology, ore components, ore-forming fluids, timing, and geodynamic setting of mineralization are generally well understood. This study revealed that different deposit types (e.g., Pb-Zn, Au-Hg-Sb-As, and Au-Sb) in the Yangtze Craton are not spatially associated but distributed in specific domains with distinct Precambrian basement rocks. There are some indications that the basement rocks are variably enriched with various metals. The metals are remobilized and transported by deep-circulating fluids responsible for late large-scale low-temperature mineralization. The specific distributions of different deposit types are likely mainly controlled by the spatial heterogeneity of ore-forming elements in the basement rocks of the Yangtze Craton. However, this interpretation requires further confirmation, as tracing the metal sources of low-temperature mineralization is highly complex.

Key words: Yangtze Craton, Precambrian basement, Mesozoic large-scale low-temperature mineralization, metal sources

中图分类号:

P534.1
P611

胡瑞忠, 陈伟, 毕献武, 付山岭, 尹润生, 肖加飞. 扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底对中生代大面积低温成矿的制约[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(2): 137-150.

HU Ruizhong, CHEN Wei, BI Xianwu, FU Shanling, YIN Runsheng, XIAO Jiafei. Control of the Precambrian basement on the formation of the Mesozoic large-scale low-temperature mineralization in the Yangtze Craton[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(2): 137-150.

图/表 7

图1 扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底和中生代低温矿床分布略图(据文献[46,47]修改)

Fig. 1 Simplified geological map showing the distributions of Precambrian basement rocks and Mesozoic low-temperature deposits in the Yangtze Craton. Modified form [46-47].

图2 澳大利亚Victorian金成矿省的物源受基底岩石控制(据文献[74])

Fig. 2 A cartoon showing the basement controls of metal sources in the Victorian gold metallogenic province, Australia. Adapted from [74].

图3 扬子克拉通不同区域前寒武纪地层层序表(据文献[46]修改)

Fig. 3 Stratigraphic correlations of Precambrian strata in different domains of the Yangtze Craton. Modified from [46].

图4 扬子克拉通早寒武世岩相古地理、黑色页岩(过渡相)及中生代低温矿床分布略图(底图据文献[92])

Fig. 4 Simplified litho-paleogeographic map of the Early Cambrian in the Yangtze Craton, and the distributions of black shales and Mesozoic low-temperature deposits. Modified from [92].

图5 锡矿山超大型锑矿产在泥盆系地层层间破碎带中(据文献[3])

Fig. 5 Geological map and cross-section of the Xikuangshan giant Sb deposit, showing that the ore bodies are located in interlayer fracture zones. Adapted from [3].

图6 扬子克拉通中生代大规模低温成矿时代(据文献[3]修改)

Fig. 6 Summary of the ages of the Mesozoic low-temperature mineralization in the Yangtze Craton. Modified from [3].

图7 扬子克拉通印支期(230~200 Ma)大规模低温成矿动力学模型(据文献[3]修改) MetF—雨水成因流体; BriF—卤水成因流体; MagF—岩浆成因流体。

Fig. 7 A proposed metallogenic model for the Indosinian (230-200 Ma) large-scale low-temperature mineralizationin the Yangtze Craton. Modified from [3].

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