地学前缘 ›› 2019, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 44-58.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.1.3

• 深层原型盆地恢复 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地及邻区侏罗纪原型盆地恢复及油气勘探前景

冯乔,付锁堂,张小莉,陈琰,汪立群,周飞,倪金龙   

  1. 1. 山东科技大学 地球科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266510
    2. 中国石油集团公司 青海油田分公司, 甘肃 敦煌 736202
    3. 西北大学 地质学系 大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710069
    4. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-20 修回日期:2018-11-18 出版日期:2019-01-30 发布日期:2019-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 张小莉(1968—),女,博士,教授,石油地质学专业,主要从事油气地质、油气评价与测井解释的教学与科研工作。
  • 作者简介:冯乔(1963—),男,博士,教授,石油地质学专业,主要从事盆地分析、油气地质与沉积地球化学的教学与科研工作。E-mail:fengqiao999@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05003-006);港澳学者合作研究基金项目(41428201)

Jurassic prototype basin restoration and hydrocarbon exploration prospect in the Qaidam Basin and its adjacent area

FENG Qiao,FU Suotang,ZHANG Xiaoli,CHEN Yan,WANG Liqun,ZHOU Fei,NI Jinlong   

  1. 1. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China
    2. Qinghai Oilfield Branch, PetroChina, Dunhuang 736202, China
    3. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Geology Department, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
    4. Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
  • Received:2018-10-20 Revised:2018-11-18 Online:2019-01-30 Published:2019-01-30
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 侏罗系是柴达木盆地最重要的源储层系之一。通过野外地质、剖面实测、地震解释、显微构造分析等大量系列资料的综合应用与分析,认为研究区自中生代以来,经历了印支期右行逆冲走滑构造运动、早—中侏罗世伸展运动、早白垩世北西南东向挤压及新生代南北向挤压运动,它们与早侏罗世至中侏罗世早期(小煤沟组至大煤沟组)在NE向伸展应力场作用下形成的断陷盆地、中侏罗世晚期至晚侏罗世(彩石岭组—洪水沟组)热力沉降坳陷盆地、早白垩世南北向挤压坳陷盆地密切相关。侏罗纪原型盆地发育三类沉积边界,即盆缘不整合边界(缓坡型和陡坡型边界)、盆内正断层边界、后期逆断层改造边界。不同的现存盆地边界类型对原型盆地恢复的作用不同。侏罗纪盆地以东昆仑构造带为界具有“北陆南洋”的古地理格局,柴达木地区的侏罗纪盆地主要发育在沿岸造山带和岛弧带的山前坳陷以及薄弱的柴北缘加里东俯冲碰撞带之上,形成相对分隔的独立盆地群。柴达木早、中、晚侏罗世原型盆地的分布因受到古特提斯洋向北偏东方向的俯冲作用和阿尔金断裂左旋走滑作用的影响,其沉积中心和沉积范围呈现出从早到晚向东北方向逐渐迁移的规律。早侏罗世盆地的沉积沉降中心主要位于柴北缘西部的冷湖—马海一带,中侏罗世盆地的沉积沉降中心主要位于柴北缘中段的大柴旦—怀头他拉一带,而晚侏罗世盆地的沉积沉降中心主要位于德令哈—乌兰一带。

 

关键词: 盆地边界, 相带展布, 原型盆地, 构造性质, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: The Jurassic is one of the most important sources and reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin. In this report, we conducted a comprehensive study on field geology, profile measurement, seismic interpretation and microscopic structural features of the study area in the Qaidam Basin. The results indicate the study area experienced the Indo-Chinese tectonic movement of right thrust and strike-slip structure in the Late Triassic, stretch movement in the Early to Middle Jurassic, NW-SE compressive stress in the Early Cretaceous, and NS compressional stress in the Cenozoic since the Mesozoic. These tectonic events can be related to the Early Jurassic fault basin formed by the NE stretch stress field, the Middle to Late Jurassic depression basin by the thermal subsidence, and the Early Cretaceous NS compressional depression basin. Three types of sedimentary boundary developed in the Jurassic prototype basin: the unconformity boundary at the edge of the basin (Gentle or steep slope), the normal fault boundary within the sedimentary basin, and the reverse fault reconstruction boundary in the later period. And different existing basin boundary types have different effects on the restoration of the prototype basin. The Jurassic basin East Kunlun tectonic belt boundary has the ancient geographical pattern of “northern land and southern ocean”. Jurassic basin in the Qaidam region is mainly developed in the foreland depression of coastal orogenic and island arc belts as well as the Caledonian subduction collision zone on the northern margin, forming a relatively separate and independent basin group. The development of the Qaidam prototype basin is affected by the subduction of the Paleotethys Ocean northward and the left-lateral slip fault of Altyn tagh. The sedimentary center and range assumed the law of gradual migration to the northeast from Early to Late Jurassic. The sedimentary and subsidence centers of Early Jurassic basin are located mainly in the LenghuMahai area in western Qaidam Basin, and that of Middle and Late Jurassic basins are located in the DachaidanHuaitoutala and DelinhaWulan areas, respectively.

Key words: basin boundaries, facies distribution, prototypes, structural characteristics, Qaidam Basin

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