地学前缘 ›› 2018, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 277-285.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.yx.2017-7-27

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国富钾正长岩资源与水热碱法制取钾盐反应原理

马鸿文，杨静，张盼，刘昶江，苏双青，姚文贵，罗征，刘梅堂，殷丛丛，陈建，原江燕，常倩倩，郭若禹   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京) 材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083
    2. 昊青薪材(北京) 技术有限公司, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-06 修回日期:2017-07-27 出版日期:2018-09-15 发布日期:2018-09-15
  • 作者简介:马鸿文(1952—)，男，教授，主要从事矿物资源绿色加工与环境效应、矿物材料科学与技术、硅酸盐化学平衡与材料设计研究。E-mail:mahw@cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B04)；中国地质调查局地质调查项目(12120113087700)；中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2652014017)

Potassic syenite resource in China and reaction mechanism of potash salt processing by hydrothermal alkaline digestion

MA Hongwen,YANG Jing,ZHANG Pan,LIU Changjiang,SU Shuangqing,YAO Wengui,LUO Zheng,LIU Meitang,YIN Congcong,CHEN Jian,   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. Bluesky Technology Corporation (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2017-07-06 Revised:2017-07-27 Online:2018-09-15 Published:2018-09-15

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摘要： 中国的盐湖钾盐资源短缺，导致钾盐消费的对外依存度达50%以上，严重制约农业发展，威胁粮食生产安全。而正长岩型钾资源丰富，K2O品位达8.5%~15.4%，预测资源潜力(K2O)达盐湖钾盐储量的20倍以上。此类矿石钾资源的主要富钾矿物为微斜长石、霞石和白云母，地理上主要分布于中国东部的“秦岭大别正长岩带”和“燕辽阴山正长岩带”。采用电解质溶液热力学软件OLI Analyzer 9.2，对KAlSi3O8-NaOH/KOH/Ca(OH)2-H2O体系相平衡进行模拟，继而对代表性富钾正长岩进行水热碱法分解反应实验，证实K2O溶出率高达85.6%以上。所得硅酸钠钾碱液适于加工多种钾盐或生态型钾肥产品，硅铝组分同时转化为沉淀硅酸钙、钠型/钾型沸石、硅灰石、高岭土等多种工业产品。水热碱法技术的加工过程清洁高效，资源利用率高，环境相容性良好，可为发展绿色可持续的中国钾盐工业新体系提供良好的技术基础。

关键词: 正长岩, 钾长石, 钾矿资源, 水热分解, 钾盐化工, 绿色发展

Abstract: Due to shortage of salt lake resource, over 50% of potash salt consumption in China relies on import, seriously challenging Chinas agricultural development and grain production security. Syenites with K2O grade up to 8.5%15.4%, are rich potassium resource, possessing 20 times higher predictive reserve potential than that of salt lakes. In mineralogy, this syenite-type potassium resource is consisted of potassium minerals such as microcline, nepheline and muscovite; geographically, it mainly distributes in the “QinlingDabie syenite zone” and “YanliaoYinshan syenite zone”. In this work, phase equilibria in KAlSi3O8-NaOH/KOH/Ca(OH)2-H2O systems were simulated by electrolyte solution thermodynamic software OLI Analyzer 9.2, and tested on representative potassic syenite samples by hydrothermal alkaline decomposition experiments. As a result, leaching ratio of K2O reached as high as over 85.6%. The obtained sodium and potassium silicate alkaline solutions were suitable for preparing various types of potash salts or eco-potash fertilizers; accordingly, the alumina-silicate components were transferred into products of precipitated calcium silicate, Na-/K-zeolites, wollastonite and kaolin, etc. By virtue of its cleanliness, high efficiency, high resource utilization rate, and environmental compatibility, the hydrothermal alkaline digestive method provides excellent technological support for the green and sustainable development of a new potash salt industrial system in China.

Key words:  syenite, K-feldspar, potassium resource, hydrothermal decomposition, potash salt industry, green development

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