地学前缘 ›› 2018, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 59-66.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2018.03.005

• 贵金属与有色金属 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国锡矿床时空分布特征与潜力评价

夏庆霖，汪新庆，常力恒，刘壮壮，甘雪婷   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(武汉) 固体矿产勘查国家级实验教学示范中心, 湖北 武汉 430074
    2. 中国地质大学(武汉) 资源学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
    3. 国土资源部 资源定量评价与信息工程重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-15 修回日期:2018-02-26 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-05-15
  • 作者简介:夏庆霖（1968—)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事矿产资源勘查与预测评价研究。E-mail: qlxia@cug.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目“全国重要矿产总量预测”（1212010733806)和“公益性行业科研专项经费项目”（201211022)

Spatio-temporal distribution features and mineral resources potential assessment of tin deposits in China.

XIA Qinglin,WANG Xinqing,CHANG Lihen,LIU Zhuangzhuang,GAN Xueting   

  • Received:2017-10-15 Revised:2018-02-26 Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-05-15

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摘要： 锡矿是中国传统优势矿种，但是近年来遇到了找矿潜力区不足和找矿方向不明等问题，急需进一步分析和总结其地质特征、成矿规律和资源潜力，为今后地质找矿工作提供借鉴。文中采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法，在各省区锡矿资源潜力预测成果的基础上，以MapGIS为平台，进行数据库汇总与综合分析研究。首先，基于全国893处锡矿产地数据的统计分析，初步总结了中国锡矿时空分布特征，岩浆岩、构造和地层等控矿因素。其次，根据锡矿床及预测区的空间分布和大地构造单元，划分了44个锡矿成矿区带。再次，将锡矿的预测类型划分为石英脉型、锡石硫化物型、夕卡岩型、云英型、伟晶岩型、火山岩型和砂矿型，并建立了主要锡矿类型的预测模型。最后，在全国范围累计圈定1 179个最小预测区，累计预测资源量1 861.13×104 t。根据锡矿区域成矿特征，将最小预测区归并为405个二级预测区，并进一步合并为109个锡矿三级预测区，其中找矿潜力大的湖南香花岭—千里山和塔山—大义山、云南个旧和薄竹山—都龙、内蒙古黄冈梁等5个三级预测区可优先部署锡矿勘查工作。预测结果还表明锡矿在500 m以浅的找矿空间里仍有很大资源潜力，因此，找矿工作应注重深浅结合，在重视老矿山深部外围找矿的同时，还应重视覆盖区和非传统锡矿类型等新领域的找矿勘查。

关键词: 锡矿床, 成矿地质特征, 资源潜力评价, 中国

Abstract: Tin is one of traditional dominant mineral resources in China. However in recent years, we are faced with shortage of potential tin mineral prospecting area and uncertainty in prospecting direction, thus further geological and metallogenic studies on tin resources potential are urgently needed to provide a reference point for future geological prospecting work. In this paper, using mineral deposit model and comprehensive geological information prediction method, we performed comprehensive analyses of tin resources prediction data from various provinces with MapGIS platform. Based on the statistical analysis of 893 tin mineral occurrences, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of tin deposit and orecontrol factors such as magmatites, tectonics and strata were summarized. Forty four tin ore metallogenic belts were delineated according to tectonic units and locations of tin deposits and prospective areas. The prediction types of tin deposit were classified into quartz vein, cassiteritesulfide, skarn, greisen, Pegmatite, volcanic and placer types, and prediction model was established for the main types. In total, 1179 minimum prospective areas were delineated nationwide, with a cumulative predicted tin metal resources of 18.61 million tons. According to the regional metallogenic characteristics, minimum prospective areas were merged into 405 levelII prospective areas, which were further combined into 109 levelIII prospective areas. Five of the levelIII prospective areas, including XianghualingQianlishan and TashanDayishan areas in Hunan Province, Gejiu and BozhushanDulong areas in Yunnan Province and Huangganglian area in Inner Mongolia, were selected as the priority exploration areas. Our prediction results also showed that great resource potential still exists at 500 m depth, therefore, tin prospecting work should focus on both deep and shallow mineralization. Thus, tin exploration should not only pay attention to the periphery of old mines, but also to new territories in overlay areas and nontraditional resources type tin deposits.

Key words:  tin deposit, metallogenic geological features, mineral resources potential assessment, China

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