地学前缘 ›› 2013, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 19-31.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑色岩系矿床成因及其海水、热水与生物有机成矿作用

施春华,曹剑,胡凯,边立曾,韩善楚,姚素平   

  1. 内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室(南京大学); 南京大学 地球科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 210093
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-19 修回日期:2012-02-18 出版日期:2013-01-15 发布日期:2013-01-15
  • 作者简介:施春华(1988—),男,硕士研究生,有机地球化学专业。 E-mail:c.h.shi@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学重点基金项目(40638042);内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室研究项目(2008-Ⅱ-07);核资源与环境教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(090902)

A review of origins of mineral deposits hosted in black rock series and the mineralizing functions of their sea water, hydrothermal fluid and bioorganics.

  1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits (Nanjing University); School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Received:2011-04-19 Revised:2012-02-18 Online:2013-01-15 Published:2013-01-15

摘要:

黑色岩系型矿床是矿床学研究的一个重要对象,其成因由于成矿作用复杂而存在争议。为深入理解这种复杂性并为解决争议提供参考信息,通过深入剖析国内外这类矿床的典型实例,述评了矿床成因研究的现状与进展,并进一步提出了值得加强研究的方向。全球黑色岩系矿床分布广泛,矿床形成过程中受多种地质作用影响,并可主要归纳为3种:海水、热水与生物有机成矿作用。其中,海水和热水为成矿提供元素及有利的成矿条件(如还原的沉积环境)。相比而言,生物有机质的成矿作用则主要体现在对海水和/或热水提供的元素进行富集,并在合适条件下成矿。可见,这3种成矿作用的多元复合作用使得成矿过程极其复杂,这是导致很多矿床成因至今未完全确定的一个重要原因。今后可从两方面开展深化研究:一是揭示多期复杂成矿演化过程;二是剖析生物有机成矿作用。这些认识对沉积岩型矿床的研究同样具有普遍参考意义。

关键词: 黑色岩系矿床, 生物有机成矿作用, 海水成矿作用, 热水成矿作用

Abstract:

Abstract: The mineral deposits hosted in black rock series are important objects in the study of economic geology. Their origin is debatable because the mineralization is complex. In order to provide new reference information for understanding the complexity and shedding some light on the controversy, the origins of the mineral deposits were reviewed by analyzing worldwide representative examples thoroughly, and the future research directions are further suggested based on these results. It is showed that the mineral deposits have a wide occurrence. The formation of the deposits was influenced by multiple factors, which can be summarized into three main types, i. e., sea water, hydrothermal and bioorganic mineralizations. The sea and hydrothermal waters provide elements for the mineralization and favorable mineralizing conditions such as a reducing depositional environment. By contrast, the bioorganic mineralization is mainly the enriching of elements provided by sea and/or hydrothermal waters. The deposits were formed under favorable conditions. These three types of mineralizations resulted in the complexity of ore genesis. This is one of the important reasons that lead to the uncertainty of the origin of many deposits. Two future research directions are suggested. One is to reveal the multiple mineralization stages and complex process. The other is to study the bioorganic mineralization.

Key words: mineral deposits hosted in black rock series, bioorganic mineralization, sea water mineralization, hydrothermal mineralization