地学前缘 ›› 2009, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 1-12.

• 论文 •    下一篇


青藏喜马拉雅构造域演化的转折时期

刘池洋 赵红格 张参 王建强   

  1. 大陆动力学国家重点实验室(西北大学), 西北大学含油气盆地研究所, 陕西 西安 710069
  • 出版日期:2009-08-01 发布日期:2009-08-01
  • 作者简介:刘池阳(1953—),笔名刘池洋,男,教授,博士生导师,国家“973”项目首席科学家,主要从事盆地动力学、油气地质与勘探、构造地质、能源地质方面的教学与科研工作。 Email: lcy@nwu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2003CB214607);教育部长江学者和“油气盆地”创新团队发展计划资助项目(IRT0559);国家自然科学基金项目(40372096)

State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Northwest University), Institute of Oil and Gas of Northwest University,  Xian  710069, China

LIU Che-Xiang DIAO Gong-Ge ZHANG Can WANG Jian-Jiang   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Northwest University), Institute of Oil and Gas of Northwest University,  Xian  710069, China
  • Online:2009-08-01 Published:2009-08-01

摘要:

青藏高原的形成演化为全球新生代最宏伟的地球动力学运动和最重要的地学事件。其深远的影响几乎涉及地学的所有领域;影响范围广阔,在东南亚和中亚形成了有直接响应关系的、广阔的喜马拉雅构造域,并涉及东亚、西亚、北亚和周邻海域等更广阔的地区,称其为青藏喜马拉雅构造域。青藏高原的演化具有明显的阶段性,从其对周邻地域的影响来看,可分为印度板块与亚欧板块之间的软碰撞、硬碰撞早期的陆内拼接和晚期的青藏地区相对整体变形3大阶段。软碰撞(60~44 Ma)的影响范围主要限于雅江碰撞缝合带及其附近。在硬碰撞早期的陆内拼接阶段((44~22±2) Ma),构造变形、岩浆活动、变质作用和成矿效应等主要发生在今青藏高原内部及边缘,仅通过深大走滑断裂对高原周邻广阔地区局部产生较明显影响。在硬碰撞晚期((22±2) Ma至今),青藏高原所在地区各块体之间发生不同层次较为强烈的挤压缩短汇聚,进而拼接,直至彼此镶嵌焊接为一个相对联系密切、较为完整的整体,高原所在地区才开始进入相对整体的变形阶段;印度与亚欧板块的进一步碰撞和波及高原的主要地质事件及深部作用才开始对周邻地域产生较明显的影响。渐新世末—中新世早期((20±2~4) Ma)为青藏高原形成演化的重要转折时期。以此为界限,在之前和之后,高原内部的构造变形、沉积充填、岩浆活动、变质作用和成矿效应等差别明显。这表明,在此转折时期前后,青藏高原的地球动力学环境发生了重大改变。此后,高原演化进入了相对整体运动和变形阶段,对周邻广阔地域的山隆盆降、矿产聚散、环境变迁等方面开始有显著影响并逐步增强,青藏喜马拉雅构造域始呈阶段性地向外扩展、形成。与东—东南亚滨太平洋等地区的区域研究对比表明,青藏高原的构造动力学环境发生重大转变,其动力来源并不限于高原所在地区,具有更为广阔的区域地球动力学背景。

关键词: 关键词:青藏高原;青藏喜马拉雅构造域;演化阶段;转折时期;周邻响应;时空坐标

Abstract:

The evolution of Tibet Plateau is the most magnificent geodynamic movement and the most important geological event, which influenced fundamentally nearly all fields in geology. Its impact extended to a broad range, causing the direct response of Southeast Asia and Middle Asia and forming the broad Himalayan tectonic domain, which further affected South Asian, West Asian, North Asia and their boundary sea areas. The entirety of these regions is called the TibetHimalayan tectonic domain. In terms of its impact to the neighbor areas, the evolution of Tibet Plateau can be divided into three stages, including the soft collision stage between Indian plate and Eurasian plate and the hard collision stages of early intracontinental joined and late relatively integrated deformation in the Tibet area. The influence of soft collision (6044 Ma) was mainly in and near Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone. The structural deformation, magmatic activities, metamorphic process and mineralization in the early intracontinental joined stage of hard collision (4422±2 Ma) occurred in Tibet and its edges, which only influenced the broad neighbor areas locally through huge and deep strikeslip faults. During the late stage of hard collision (22±2 Ma to now), the massifs in the area of the present Tibet Plateau underwent strong shortening by compression and joined. When these massifs were assembled and welded into a relatively integrated block, the evolution entered the third stage of relatively totally deformed in the Tibet area. The further collision of Indian plate and Eurasian plate, the main geologic events and deep geologic process in the Tibet Plateau began to influence surrounding terrains obviously. The period of the End Oligocene to the Early Miocene (20±24 Ma) is the important turning period in the evolution of Tibet Plateau. The structural deformation, sedimentary deposit, magmatic activities, metamorphic process and mineralization in Tibet Plateau have evident difference before and after the turning periods, which shows the great change of the geodynamic environment around the turning period. Then the Tibet Plateau started the relatively integrated movement and deformation stage and its influences to the mountain uplift and basin subsidence, to the concentration and dissipation of mineral deposits, and environmental changes were remarkable and increasing with time, which caused the episodic spreading and developing of the TibetHimalayan tectonic domain. The correlation between the regional structures and strata of Tibet Plateau and  EastSoutheast Asia indicates that the dynamic source of the important change in geodynamic environment of the Tibet Plateau was not limited to the inner area of the plateau but with a broad regional geodynamic background.

Key words: Key words: Tibet Plateau; TibetHimalayan tectonic domain; evolution stage; turning period; records of surrounding areas; spacetime coordinate

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