断陷盆地缓坡带河流沉积砂体定量表征及控制因素分析:以霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组三段为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.14

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 141-154.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.14

断陷盆地缓坡带河流沉积砂体定量表征及控制因素分析:以霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组三段为例

张自力¹^,²(), 朱筱敏¹^,²^,^*(), 廖凤英³, 李琦⁴, 张锐锋⁵, 曹兰柱⁵, 施瑞生¹^,²

1. 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2. 中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北油田分公司第一采油厂, 河北任丘 062550
4. 中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京 100083
5. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北油田分公司, 河北任丘 062550

收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-28
通讯作者: 朱筱敏
作者简介:张自力(1986—),男,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学、层序地层学研究工作。E-mail: Pipi-D-king@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2017ZX05001-002-002)

Features and control factors of gentle-sloped fluvial sandbodies in rift basins: An example from the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

ZHANG Zili¹^,²(), ZHU Xiaomin¹^,²^,^*(), LIAO Fengying³, LI Qi⁴, ZHANG Ruifeng⁵, CAO Lanzhu⁵, SHI Ruisheng¹^,²

1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. No.1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China
4. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5. PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China

Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2020-05-19 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-28
Contact: ZHU Xiaomin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

断陷湖盆缓坡河流成因砂体是重要的油气储集单元。根据岩心观察、钻井岩/电特征并结合地震沉积学方法,分析断陷湖盆缓坡河流沉积体系和砂体时空分布特征,能为油气精细勘探提供可靠的依据。研究表明,霸县凹陷文安斜坡中部东营组三段周期性地发育4条呈NE-SW辫-曲复合型河流沉积,由河道沉积、砂坝沉积和泛滥平原沉积3种亚相以及辫状河道、曲流河道、砂质河道砂坝、泥质河道砂坝、决口扇和泛滥平原泥6种微相构成。河流展布方向与正北夹角(α)为40°~65°,河道视宽度(l)为1.47~2.64 km,主河道的视宽度(w)为0.03~0.58 km,河道带测量厚度(H)为16.0~52.0 m,主河道测量厚度(D)为8.0~23.0 m,主河道钻井解释厚度(d)为1~16.5 m,平均厚度6.5 m。断陷盆地断-坳转换期缓坡河流相沉积受控于盆地构造、气候、物源、沉积物压实及流速等多因素。边界断层差异性活动导致的盆地不均衡沉降是缓坡带河流相类型及砂体空间分布的主控因素。气候周期性变化通过流量控制了河型,调整和改造早期河道沉积物,决定了微相和砂体组合。斜坡中外带是粗粒沉积物主要卸载区,河道及河道砂坝等优势储集砂体呈条带状连片分布,斜坡内带形成的厚层泥岩限制油气垂向运移和侧向充注。斜坡中外带被油源断层切割,在油气运移路径上受晚期断层切割的厚层河道及河道砂坝是岩性-构造油气藏勘探的潜力区域。

关键词: 霸县凹陷, 东营组, 河流相, 沉积相, 砂体分散, 定量表征, 沉积模式

Abstract:

The gentle-sloped fluvial sandbodies in rift lake basins are important oil and gas reservoir units. Based on core, well logs and seismic sedimentology, we analyzed the fluvial sedimentary system and the spatiotemporal distribution of gentle-sloped sandbodies in rifting lake basins to provide reliable basis for fine exploration of oil and gas. The results show that there are four NE-SW trending meandering-braided fluvial successions in the Dongying Formation, Wen’an slope, Baxian sag, consisting of channel, channel bar and floodplain subfacies, which can be further subdivided into six microfacies, including braided channel, meandering channel, sandy channel bar, muddy channel bar, crevasse fan and floodplain. The river spreads out 40°-65° to the north (angle (α)); the apparent width (l) of the river course is 1.47-2.64 km; the apparent width (w) of the main river course is 0.03-0.58 km; the measured thickness (H) of the river course belt is 16.0-52.0 m; the measured thickness (D) of the main river course is 8.0-23.0 m; the drilling interpretation thickness (d) of the main river course is 1-16.5 m; and the average thickness is 6.5 m. In the fault-depression transition period, the gentle-sloped fluvial facies were controlled by many factors, such as basin structure, climate, provenance, sediment compaction and velocity. Differential subsidence of rift basin led to unbalanced subsidence of basin, which was the main factor controlling the fluvial facies type and sandbody spatial distribution in the gentle slope zone. By influencing flow, periodic climate change controlled the river type, adjusting and transforming the early fluvial sediments, thence determining the combination of microfacies and sandbodies. The study also suggests that the development of thick mudstone upslope may limit hydrocarbon charging and migration, whereas the thick channel and channel bar deposited mid and downslope, cross-cut by faults and conduits for migration, most likely have reservoir potentials in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Key words: Baxian Sag, Dongying Formation, fluvial facies, sedimentary facies, sandbody distribution, quantitative characterization, sedimentary model

中图分类号:

张自力, 朱筱敏, 廖凤英, 李琦, 张锐锋, 曹兰柱, 施瑞生. 断陷盆地缓坡带河流沉积砂体定量表征及控制因素分析:以霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组三段为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 141-154.

ZHANG Zili, ZHU Xiaomin, LIAO Fengying, LI Qi, ZHANG Ruifeng, CAO Lanzhu, SHI Ruisheng. Features and control factors of gentle-sloped fluvial sandbodies in rift basins: An example from the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 141-154.

图/表 14

图1 渤海湾盆地霸县凹陷文安斜坡位置及盆地结构图

Fig.1 Location of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin and the structure of the Paleogene Baxian Sag

图2 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段东营组沿物源方向地震反射及东三段岩性组合(剖面位置见图1a)

Fig.2 Seismic reflection and lithology along the provenance direction of Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag (Profile location shown in Fig.1a)

图3 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段东营组三段沉积期古地貌图(位置见图1a)

Fig.3 Sedimentary palaeogeomorphological map of Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag (See Fig.1a for location)

图4 霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组河流微相组成及岩性特征

Fig.4 The fluvial microfacies composition and lithologic characteristics of Ed in the middle part of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图5 霸县凹陷文安斜坡地层划分及地层标定

Fig.5 Seismic reflection characteristics and stratigraphic division of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图6 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段Ed3岩电特征、切片解释及沉积相图

Fig.6 Sedimentary facies, slice interpretation and lithologic-electrical characteristics of Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图7 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段东营组三段沉积期沉积剖面图(位置见图3)

Fig.7 Sedimentary facies of Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag (See Fig.3 for location)

图8 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段Ed3地层切片及河道演化特征

Fig.8 Stratigraphic slices and channel evolutionary characteristics of Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图9 霸县凹陷文安斜坡东三段单河道定量化分析(剖面位置见图3)(据文献[27])

Fig.9 Quantitative analysis of channel in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag (profile position shown in Fig.3). Adapted from [27].

表1 霸县凹陷文安斜坡中段Ed3河道参数统计表

Table 1 River channel parameters for Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

剖面	河道带宽度L/km	主河道带宽度W/km	河道带视宽度l/km	主河道带视宽度w/km	河道带厚度H/m	河道带平均厚度h/m	主河道带厚度D/m	主河道带平均厚度d/m	岩电解释河道厚度C/m	河道带宽深比P	主河道带宽深比p
a	1.1	0.12~0.27	0.72~0.86	78~210	16~32	22	12~23	18
b	2.25	0.16~0.75	1.47~1.75	104~583	24~43	32	10~20	15		45.9~54.7	6.9~35.9
c	3.15	0.06~0.65	2.01~2.45	39~505	17~51	34	12~25	18		59.1~72.1	2.2~28.1
d	2.5	0.05~0.55	1.63~1.94	33~427	19~45	35	8~22	16	4~16.5	46.6~55.4	2.1~26.7
e	2.45	0.03~0.58	1.60~1.91	119~451	17~43	33	8~18	13	1.5~8.8	48.5~57.9	1.5~34.7
f	3.4	0.04~0.41	2.22~2.64	26~318	20~52	39	6~14	8	1~4.4	56.9~67.7	2.6~31.8

图10 霸县凹陷文安斜坡东三段河道各参数间关系图(据文献[27])

Fig.10 Relationship among fluvial parameters for Ed3 in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag. Adapted from [27].

图11 霸县凹陷文安斜坡东三段沿物源方向河流相控制因素组合变化及单期河道垂向岩电组合特征分析

Fig.11 Controlling factors for and evolution of fluvial facies and vertical sounding analysis of single stage channels in Ed3 along the flow direction in the middle scation of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图12 霸县凹陷文安斜坡东三段沿物源方向河流剖面结构及岩性组合样式演化

Fig.12 Fluvial profile structure and lithologic characteristics of Ed3 along the flow direction in the middle section of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

图13 霸县凹陷文安斜坡河流相模式图(据文献[27])

Fig.13 Fluvial model of the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag. Adapted from [27].

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断陷盆地缓坡带河流沉积砂体定量表征及控制因素分析:以霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组三段为例

Features and control factors of gentle-sloped fluvial sandbodies in rift basins: An example from the Wen’an Slope, Baxian Sag

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