地学前缘 ›› 2019, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 199-206.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.7.2

• 土壤污染与土壤环境质量评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京城乡接合部地表颗粒物中重金属污染负荷及健康风险评价

李海燕，王垚森，张晓然，闫磊，武利园，金弈，崔如，杨志超   

  1. 1. 北京建筑大学 环境与能源工程学院 北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100044
    2. 中国电建集团 北京勘测设计研究院有限公司, 北京 100020
    3. 北京市理化分析测试中心, 北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-13 修回日期:2019-07-15 出版日期:2019-11-30 发布日期:2019-11-30
  • 作者简介:李海燕(1975—)，女，博士，教授，主要从事城市径流污染与控制方向的研究工作。E-mail：lihaiyan@bucea.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市长城学者培养计划 (CIT&TCD20170313)；国家自然科学基金项目( 51678025)；海绵城市建设与水质水量风险防控 (UDC2016040100)；中国电力建设股份有限公司科技项目(DJ-ZDXM201619)

Pollution load and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road-deposited sediment in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing

LI Haiyan，WANG Yaosen，ZHANG Xiaoran，YAN Lei，WU Liyuan，JIN Yi， CUI Ru，YANG Zhichao   

  1. 1. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
    2. Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Power Construction Corporation of China, Beijing 100020, China
    3. Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2019-06-13 Revised:2019-07-15 Online:2019-11-30 Published:2019-11-30
  • Supported by:
     

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摘要： 随着我国城市建设的不断推进，城市径流污染越来越受到关注。地表颗粒物(RDS)是重金属的重要载体，雨水径流对地表颗粒物的冲刷引起的径流重金属污染问题凸显。本研究选取北京市城乡接合部作为研究区域，研究区域内地表颗粒物中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn)污染负荷并进行健康风险评估。结果表明，地表颗粒物含有的重金属中，除Mn外，As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均浓度均超过背景值。其中，Cd的平均浓度是其背景值的3倍，Cr的平均浓度是其背景值的4倍之多。在径流冲刷条件下，Cr的污染负荷在各研究区域均最高，为其他重金属的3~4倍。暴露模型计算表明，重金属非致癌日平均暴露量为手口摄入量＞皮肤吸收量＞吸入空气量，经手口接触是人体地表灰尘暴露风险的主要途径。对于非致癌风险，在芦求路主路以及黄鹅路十字路口区域存在对于儿童的非致癌风险，整体区域内成人所受非致癌风险较低。各研究区域内重金属呼吸暴露途径的总致癌风险均低于环境阈值，致癌风险较低。

 

关键词: 地表颗粒物, 重金属, 径流, 污染负荷, 健康风险评价

Abstract: Increasing urban development in China has caused increasingly serious heavy metal pollution in urban runoff. Road-deposited sediment (RDS) is an important carrier of heavy metals. In this study, we selected the urban-rural fringe of Beijing as the research area to evaluate the pollution load and assess the health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn). The results showed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, except Mn, had exceeded the background values. The mean concentration of Cd was 3 times the background value, and the mean concentration of Cr was 4 times the background value. Under runoff scouring, the pollution load of Cr was 34 times that of other metals, the highest in all study areas. Exposure model calculation showed that the average daily non-carcinogenic exposure values of heavy metals for three exposure pathways followed the order of ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. Thus ingestion is the main exposure pathway. We detected non-carcinogenic risk for children in the area around the intersection of Luqiu and Huang Goose Road, and low non-carcinogenic risk for adults in the whole area. We found relatively low carcinogenic risk in each study area, as the areas total carcinogenic risk of heavy metal contamination via respiratory exposure pathways was lower than the environmental safety threshold.

Key words: road-deposited sediment, heavy metal, runoff, pollution load, health risk assessment

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