华北板块奥陶纪牙形石生物地层研究回顾及在西北缘区新进展

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.8

地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 199-212.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.8

华北板块奥陶纪牙形石生物地层研究回顾及在西北缘区新进展

景秀春¹(), 周洪瑞¹, 王训练¹, 杨志华¹, 房强², 王振涛³, 樊杰⁴

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京 100083
3.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部盐湖资源与环境重点实验室, 北京 100037
4.中国石油华北油田勘探开发研究院, 河北任丘 062552

收稿日期:2020-03-24 修回日期:2020-05-28 出版日期:2020-11-02 发布日期:2020-11-02
作者简介:景秀春(1980—),男,副教授,主要从事奥陶纪牙形石及稳定同位素研究。E-mail: jxch@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41502026);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2011CB403001)

A review on Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the North China Plate and new research advances on its northwestern margin

JING Xiuchun¹(), ZHOU Hongrui¹, WANG Xunlian¹, YANG Zhihua¹, FANG Qiang², WANG Zhentao³, FAN Jie⁴

1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Huabei Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Renqiu 062552, China

Received:2020-03-24 Revised:2020-05-28 Online:2020-11-02 Published:2020-11-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牙形石在以碳酸盐岩为主的华北奥陶系划分对比中占有举足轻重的地位。针对华北奥陶纪牙形石的研究已持续近半个世纪,总体上可以分为两个阶段:第一阶段自20世纪70年代到21世纪初,第二阶段为最近10年(2010—2020)。第一阶段以建立牙形石生物地层序列为目标,主要为解决石油勘探过程中地层时代的确定和地层对比的需求;第二阶段的研究以修订化石带为主,目的是与国际地层研究接轨。近年来在华北板块西北缘的工作显示,该区奥陶纪牙形石在纵向上具有显著的生态变化,可分为达瑞威尔期中期、达瑞威尔期晚期—桑比期中期、桑比期晚期—凯迪期中期3个时段。第一时段以介于北美中大陆区和北大西洋区之间的热带台地边缘型牙形石为特征;第二时段以北大西洋型为主混有少量亚澳型牙形石为特征;第三时段以亚澳型和北美中大陆型牙形石混生为特征。在华北西北缘尽可能使用广布性标准牙形石属种进行化石带厘定,共识别牙形石带12个,自下而上分别是达瑞威尔期Histiodella cf. holodentata间隔带、Histiodella kristinae谱系带、Histiodella bellburnensis延限带、Dzikodus tablepointensis间隔带、Eoplacognathus suecicus间隔带、Pygodus serra间隔带和Pygodus anserinus(早期型)间隔亚带,桑比期Pygodus anserinus(晚期型)间隔亚带和Belodina compressa间隔带,凯迪期Belodina confluens间隔带、Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis间隔带和Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis间隔带。由于部分化石带与国际同名带的对比还存在一些矛盾,尚需今后进一步解决。

关键词: 牙形石, 奥陶纪, 生物地层, 划分和对比, 华北板块西北缘

Abstract:

Conodonts are particularly important biostratigraphically for the subdivision and correlation of the carbonate-dominated Ordovician strata in North China. Studies of Ordovician conodonts from northern China have lasted for nearly half a century and can be distinguished into two stages. Researches in the first stage, from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21^st century, were aimed to establish a basic conodont biostratigraphic framework for the paleontological dating and stratigraphic correlation of Ordovician strata in petroleum exploration. Studies in the second stage, from 2010-present, have been focused on the improvements and/or revisions of the conodont zonation established in the first stage in order to connect with international stratigraphic research. Investigations conducted recently on Ordovician conodonts from the northwestern margin of the North China Paleoplate suggested that three stratigraphic intervals with ecological differentiation can be recognized. The first ecologically-specific stratigraphic interval, which covers the middle Darriwilian, is characterized by the presence of conodont taxa inhabiting the marginal areas of tropical carbonate platforms between the North American midcontinent and North Atlantic ecoprovinces. The second interval, with a stratigraphic range spanning from the late Darrwilian to middle Sandbian, features conodonts mainly of North Atlantic affinity and associated with some Australasian species. The third interval, ranging from the late Sandbian to middle Katian, possesses conodont taxa with a mixture of Australasia and North American midcontinent affinities. For an easy and reliable international correlation, recent biostratigraphic studies on Ordovician strata on the northwestern margin of the North China Paleoplate have concentrated on using widespread conodonts as zonal indices, and an updated conodont biozonal succession comprising 12 biozones has been established. They are, in ascending order, (Darriwilian) the Histiodella cf. holodentata Interval Zone, Histiodella kristinae Phylozone, Histiodella bellburnensis Range Zone, Dzikodus tablepointensis Interval Zone, Eoplacognathus suecicus Interval Zone, Pygodus serra Interval Zone, Pygodus anserinus (early form) Interval Subzone, (Sandbian) Pygodus anserinus (late form) Interval Subzone, Belodina compressa Interval Zone, (Katian) Belodina confluens Interval Zone, Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis Interval Zone, and Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis Interval Zone. However, correlations of some conodont biozones with their international namesakes are still somewhat controversial, hence additional biostratigraphical work remains to be done.

Key words: Conodonts, Ordovician, biostratigraphy, subdivision and correlation, northwestern margin of the North China Paleoplate

中图分类号:

P52
P534.4

景秀春, 周洪瑞, 王训练, 杨志华, 房强, 王振涛, 樊杰. 华北板块奥陶纪牙形石生物地层研究回顾及在西北缘区新进展[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(6): 199-212.

JING Xiuchun, ZHOU Hongrui, WANG Xunlian, YANG Zhihua, FANG Qiang, WANG Zhentao, FAN Jie. A review on Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the North China Plate and new research advances on its northwestern margin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(6): 199-212.

图/表 6

图1 华北板块西北缘的大地构造位置(a)和研究剖面的交通位置(b)示意图(a据文献[29]) 1—老石旦剖面;2—卧龙岗剖面;3—哈图克沟(一线天)剖面;4—拉什仲北山剖面;5—公乌素剖面;6—白彦花山剖面。

Fig.1 Sketch map of the (a) geotectonic location of the northwestern margin of the North China Plate (adapted from [29]) and (b) traffic location of the study sections

图2 华北板块西北缘中奥陶世达瑞威尔期的典型牙形石(据文献[34,35]) 老石旦剖面:1—Histiodella sp. cf. H. holodentata Ethington and Clark,Pa分子,侧视,产自样品L-3-3;2~4—Histiodella kristinae Stouge,Pa分子,侧视,2自L-18-1,3自L-16-1,4自L-18-3;5—Histiodella wuhaiensis Wang,Pa分子,侧视,自L-16-1;6,7—Histiodella bellburnensis Stouge,Pa分子,侧视,自L-16-1;8—Loxodus dissectus An,侧视,自L-9-1;9,10—Aurilobodus leptosomatus An;9—Sa分子,后视,自L-9-1;10—Sb分子,后视,自L-14-1。卧龙岗剖面:11~15—Dzikodus tablepointensis(Stouge);11,12—Pb分子,口视,自W-6-1;13,14—Sa分子;13—后视,自W-2-2;14—后侧视,自W-4-1;15—Sb分子,外侧视,自W-3-1;16,22—Pygodus lunnensis Zhang,Pa分子,口视,自W-6-1;17~ 21—Eoplacognathus suecicus Bergström;17~19—Pa分子,口视,自W-6-1;20,21—Pb分子,口视,20自W-6-1,21自W-10-1;23,24—Plectodina onychodonta An and Xu;23—Pa分子,侧视,自W-6-1;24—Sc分子,内侧视,自W-8-2;25~27—Pygodus anitae Bergström;25,26—Pa分子,口视,25自W-9-3,26自W-10-3;27—Pb分子,外侧视,自W-10-3;28,29—Pygodus serra(Hadding),Pa分子,口视,自HT-5-2;30,31—Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus(Fåhræus);30—Pa分子,口视,自W-10-3;31—Pb分子,口视,自W-10-3。哈图克沟(一线天)剖面:32,33—Pygodus anserinus Lamont and Lindström (早期类型),Pa分子,口视,32自HT-5-2,33自HT-6-1。所有线段比例尺长度为50 μm。

Fig.2 Typical conodonts of Middle Ordovician Darriwilian on the northwestern margin of the North China Plate. Adapted from [34-35].

图3 华北板块西北缘晚奥陶世桑比期—凯迪期的典型牙形石(据文献[35,36,37,38]) 哈图克沟剖面:1~7—Pygodus anserinus Lamont and Lindström(晚期类型);1~3—Pa分子,口视,1和3自HT-6-1,2自HT-6-2;4—Pb分子,外侧视,自HT-6-1;5—Sa分子,后视,自HT-6-2;6—Sb分子,侧视,自HT-6-1;7—Sd分子,侧视,自HT-6-2。公乌素剖面:8—Belodina monitorensis Ethington and Schumacher,compressiform分子,侧视,自N-4-2;9—Yaoxianognathus sp.A,Sd分子,后侧视,自N-7-2;10—Scabbardella altipes(Henningsmoen),drepanodiform分子,侧视,自N-2-1。白彦花山剖面:11—Belodina sp.cf.B.compressa Branson and Mehl,compressiform分子,侧视,自BYH-3-1;12,13—Phragmodus undatus Branson and Mehl;12—Sb分子,侧视,自BYH-13-1;13—M分子,侧视,自BYH-9-1;14~16—Belodina confluens Sweet;14,15—compressiform分子,侧视,14自BYH-3-1,15自BYH-9-1;16—eobelodiniform分子,侧视,自BYH-10-2;17—Taoqupognathus blandus An,S分子,侧视,自BYH-17-1;18~25—Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis(Qiu);18~20—Pa分子,侧视,18和19自BYH-9-1,20自BYH-11-2;21—Pb分子,外侧视,自BYH-10-1;22—M分子,内侧视,自BYH-11-2;23—Sc分子,内侧视,自BYH-10-1;24—Sa分子,后侧视,自BYH-12-2;25—Sd分子,后视,自BYH-11-2;26~29—Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis An;26,27—Pa分子,侧视,自BYH-14-2;28—Sc分子,内侧视,自BYH-12-3;29—Sa分子,后视,自BYH-14-2。所有线段比例尺长度为50 μm。

Fig.3 Typical conodonts in the Sandbian-Katian period of the Late Ordovician on the northwestern margin of the North China Plate. Adapted from [35-38].

图4 华北板块西北缘中奥陶世—晚奥陶世最早期典型牙形石的地层分布和生物地层划分(据文献[34,35])

Fig.4 Stratigraphic distribution and biostratigraphic division of typical conodonts from the Middle Ordovician to the earliest Late Ordovician on the northwestern margin of the North China plate. Adapted from [34,35].

图5 华北板块西北缘晚奥陶世典型牙形石的地层分布和生物地层划分(据文献[14, 36-38])

Fig.5 Stratigraphic distribution and biostratigraphic division of typical Late Ordovician conodonts on the northwest margin of the North China plate. Adapted from [14, 36-38].

图6 华北板块西北缘奥陶纪牙形石带与国内外代表性牙形石生物地层序列的对比(北大西洋序列据文献[8,49],华南序列据文献[44],华北中部序列据文献[12,27],北美中大陆序列据文献[8])

Fig.6 Correlation of Ordovician conodont biozones on the northwestern margin of the North China plate with representative conodont biostratigraphic sequences at home and abroad. North Atlantic sequence was from [8,49]; South China sequence from [44]; central North China sequence from [12,27]; and North American sequence from [8].

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华北板块奥陶纪牙形石生物地层研究回顾及在西北缘区新进展

A review on Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the North China Plate and new research advances on its northwestern margin

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