云南曲靖刘家冲剖面关底组中的鱼类微体化石及其地层学意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.7

地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 329-340.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.7

云南曲靖刘家冲剖面关底组中的鱼类微体化石及其地层学意义

王建华¹(), 赵文金²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 朱敏²^,³^,⁴, 李强¹^,², 蔡家琛²^,³^,⁴, 张娜⁵, 彭礼健¹, 罗彦超²^,³^,⁴

1.曲靖师范学院自然历史文化研究中心, 云南曲靖 655011
2.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 北京 100044
3.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心, 北京 100044
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
5.云南大学深时陆地生态研究所, 云南昆明 650091

收稿日期:2020-03-25 修回日期:2020-05-18 出版日期:2020-11-02 发布日期:2020-11-02
通讯作者: 赵文金
作者简介:王建华(1987—),男,高级工程师,主要从事与古脊椎动物学相关的地层学和古地理学研究。E-mail: wangjianhua@mail.qjnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类、A类)(XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类、A类)(XDA19050102);国家自然科学基金项目(41530102);国家自然科学基金项目(41972006);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC002);中国科学院古生物化石发掘与修理专项(KL213406);云南省基础研究计划青年项目(202001AU070145)

Microvertebrate remains from the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section in Qujing, Yunnan and their stratigraphic significance

WANG Jianhua¹(), ZHAO Wenjin²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), ZHU Min²^,³^,⁴, LI Qiang¹^,², CAI Jiachen²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Na⁵, PENG Lijian¹, LUO Yanchao²^,³^,⁴

1. Research Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
3. Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Institute of Deep Time Terrestrial Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

Received:2020-03-25 Revised:2020-05-18 Online:2020-11-02 Published:2020-11-02
Contact: ZHAO Wenjin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云南曲靖地区的关底组产出世界闻名的潇湘脊椎动物群(Xiaoxiang Vertebate Fauna),但其地层的划分对比和时代归属一直存有争议,特别是其下部地层的划分及时代归属争议最大。通过在曲靖城南以关底组下段地层为主的刘家冲剖面上开展详细的野外及室内地层古生物学研究工作,文章厘清了该剖面上的志留纪地层,并依据采自数个层位样品中丰富的鱼类微体化石材料探讨了关底组下部的地质时代。研究结果表明:刘家冲剖面上出露的志留纪地层根据岩性变化特征可划分为关底组Ⅰ段(岳家山段)、Ⅱ段(崇家湾段)和Ⅲ段(彩莲段);Ⅰ段的下部以浅黄色、浅黄绿色含砾粉砂质泥岩、钙质粉砂岩为主,未见化石,而上部以深灰色、灰黑色页岩为主,含少量腕足类Lingula sp.及双壳类;Ⅱ段则以灰绿色、暗紫红色页岩互层、并夹薄层状灰岩为主,从下往上灰岩夹层逐渐增多,含丰富的腕足类、海百合茎等无脊椎动物化石及鱼类微体化石;在关底组Ⅲ段地层中首次发现的鱼类微体化石多样性高,门类比较齐全,包括无颌类、盾皮鱼类、棘鱼类和硬骨鱼类四大早期脊椎动物类群,从鱼群组成面貌上看隶属于潇湘脊椎动物群扬子鱼类组合(Yangtze Fish Assemblage)。笔者主要依据对其中棘鱼类的全球对比分析研究,并在结合牙形类等无脊椎动物化石研究进展及新认识的基础上,深入探讨了关底组下部Ⅰ段及Ⅱ段的地质时代。关底组Ⅱ段的时代应为志留纪罗德洛世高斯特晚期(late Gorstian, Ludlow),关底组Ⅰ段含砾岩层之上、含盾皮鱼类“王氏鱼”(Wangolepis)的地层,则应归入罗德洛世高斯特早期(early Gorstian, Ludlow),而在该剖面上尚未发现鱼类化石的关底组Ⅰ段下部,目前还不能确定全部归入高斯特阶(Gorstian),有可能会下延到温洛克统(Wenlock)之中。文章中相关工作的开展,不仅为中国志留纪生物地层的精深研究提供了古鱼类学方面的可靠证据,而且为探讨早期脊椎动物演化提供了新的地质年代意见。

关键词: 鱼类微体化石, 关底组, 刘家冲剖面, 划分与对比, 曲靖, 云南

Abstract:

The Kuanti Formation, with the discovery of the Xiaoxiang Vertebate Fauna in 2007, has become the focus of global research on early vertebrates. However, its stratigraphic subdivision, correlation and age, especially the subdivision and age of its lower part, remain contentious, despite many biostratigraphic attempts made since 1914. In recent years, we conducted a series of extensive geological investigations in the Kuanti Formation near the Xiaoxiang Reservoir in Qujing, Yunnan Province. Based on the recently obtained data from the Liujiachong Section (dominated by the lower part of the Kuanti Formation) and the preliminary study of the newly discovered microvertebrate remains, we documented the sequence of the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section, and further explored the geological age of the related strata. The Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section can be subdivided into three members, in ascending order according to the main lithological changes: Member Ⅰ (Yuejiashan Member), Member Ⅱ (Chongjiawan Member), and Member Ⅲ (Cailian Member). The lower part of Member Ⅰ is characterized by light yellow and yellow-green gravelly silty mudstones and calcareous siltstones lacking any fossils, while the upper part is composed of dark grey and grey-black carbonaceous shales with rare Lingula sp. and bivalves. Member Ⅱ is dominated by grey-green and purple-red shales, intercalated with light grey thin-bedded or lenticular limestones or bioclastic limestones containing many invertebrate fossils (brachiopods and crinoid stems) and abundant microvertebrate remains. Member Ⅲ, partially exposed in the section, is composed of purple-red and grey-green silty and calcareous mudstones or marls intercalating with minor purple-red or yellow-green shales or siltstones containing brachiopods, fish, and stout tubular trace fossils. A thin layer of medium-thick-bedded fine sandstone is developed on the bottom of the member, which marks the boundary between Members Ⅲ and Ⅱ. The microvertebrate remains from several beds in Member Ⅱ show high diversity, including four early vertebrate groups: agnathans, placoderms, acanthodians, and osteichthyans. They are characterized by the Yangtze Fish Assemblage of the Xiaoxiang Vertebrate Fauna. The discovery of the acanthodians Nostolepis spp. in this section reveals the stratigraphic correlation and the precise geological age of the lower part of the Kuanti Formation. Based on the acanthodians from Member Ⅱ, coupled with previous palaeontological data, we suggest the age of Member Ⅱ to be late Gorstian Stage of the Ludlow, in the Silurian. The upper part of Member I, containing the placoderm ‘Wangolepis’, might be referred to as early Gorstian. However, the age of the lower part of Member I without fossils is uncertain, and the possibility of its base extending down to the Wenlock is not excluded. This study offers new palaeoichthyological evidence for the Silurian biostratigraphy of China and provides a new chronostratigraphic scheme in the study of early vertebrate evolution.

Key words: microvertebrate remains, Kuanti Formation, Liujiachong Section, subdivision and correlation, Qujing, Yunnan

中图分类号:

P52
P534.4

王建华, 赵文金, 朱敏, 李强, 蔡家琛, 张娜, 彭礼健, 罗彦超. 云南曲靖刘家冲剖面关底组中的鱼类微体化石及其地层学意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(6): 329-340.

WANG Jianhua, ZHAO Wenjin, ZHU Min, LI Qiang, CAI Jiachen, ZHANG Na, PENG Lijian, LUO Yanchao. Microvertebrate remains from the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section in Qujing, Yunnan and their stratigraphic significance[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(6): 329-340.

图/表 5

图1 曲靖刘家冲关底组剖面

Fig.1 Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section in Qujing

图2 曲靖刘家冲剖面关底组野外照片 A—关底组Ⅰ段;B—关底组Ⅰ段下部砾岩;C—关底组Ⅱ段;D—关底组Ⅱ段腕足动物化石;E—关底组Ⅱ段虫管化石;F,G—关底组Ⅱ段内生物碎屑灰岩。

Fig.2 Field photos of the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section in Qujing

图3 刘家冲剖面关底组中的鱼类微体化石 A-E—棘鱼类,其中A、B为栅棘鱼类背棘鱼未定种1(Nostolepis sp.1,IVPP V26680.1,2),C为栅棘鱼类背棘鱼未定种2(Nostolepis sp.2,IVPP V26681),D为栅棘鱼类背棘鱼未定种3(Nostolepis sp.3,IVPP V26682),E为锉棘鱼类下颌(IVPP V26683);F,G—硬骨鱼类牙齿(IVPP V26684.1,2);H,I—硬骨鱼类斑鳞鱼(Psarolepis)鳞片(IVPP V26685.1,2);J—无颌类不完整骨片(IVPP V26686.1);K—盾皮鱼类不完整骨片(IVPP V26686.2)。

Fig.3 Microvertebrate remains from the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section

表1 云南曲靖地区志留系划分沿革表

Table 1 Evolution of the subdivision of Silurian strata in Qujing, Yunnan

图4 曲靖地区志留系综合柱状图 1—砾岩;2—细砂岩;3—粉砂岩;4—含砾泥质粉砂岩;5—页岩;6—粉砂质页岩;7—泥岩;8—粉砂质泥岩;9—钙质粉砂质泥岩;10—薄层灰岩;11—泥质灰岩;12—瘤状灰岩;13—泥灰岩;14—白云岩。

Fig.4 Comprehensive histogram of Silurian strata in Qujing

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云南曲靖刘家冲剖面关底组中的鱼类微体化石及其地层学意义

Microvertebrate remains from the Kuanti Formation of the Liujiachong Section in Qujing, Yunnan and their stratigraphic significance

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