矿物热电效应与火山地震之热电异常

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.61

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地壳物质组成的不均一性及矿物形成物理化学条件的复杂性决定了地壳内广泛存在半导体矿物。半导体矿物的主要特征之一是晶格内存在一定量由成分(本征元素或杂质元素)异化或结构缺陷形成的潜在载流子。当遇有温差热激发条件时,梯度温度场会驱动矿物晶体内的潜在载流子定向移动,进而产生温差热电势,这种现象称作热电效应。一般来说,火山地震孕育和发生过程中其震源处常常存在由扰动热流而产生的不均匀热场,该热场的梯度效应(温差效应)能够触发半导体矿物产生热电效应,并将热能转化成电能。因此推测,作为火山地震的重要前兆之一,地电异常的出现很可能存在热电效应的贡献,即火山地震地电异常存在热电效应机制。这一认识对于深刻理解火山地震孕育过程中的地电异常具有启示意义。

关键词: 半导体矿物, 潜在载流子, 热电效应, 地电异常, 火山地震, 前兆异常

Abstract:

There are much more semiconductor minerals in the Earth crust due to inhomogeneous crustal composition and complex physico-chemical environments during mineralization. One of the important characteristics of semiconductor minerals is the multiple potential charge carrier in the crystal because of confounding composition or improper arrangement of atoms. And the potential charge carriers can be activated and move directionally in the crystal driven by temperature gradient field, causing larger thermal disturbance so that thermoelectric potential occurs. This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect. Generally, a notably disturbed thermal field often appears under earthquake gestation or during an earthquake, and the temperature difference produced from the thermal field will stimulate the semiconductor minerals to generate the thermoelectric effects and convert thermal energy into electric energy. Therefore we hypothesize that the thermoelectric effects may contribute to the abnormal geoelectric field, which is one of important forewarnings for the volcanic eruption and earthquake, that is, the thermoelectricity model may be valid during volcanic eruption and earthquake. This realization is enlightening for understanding the abnormal geoelectric phenomenon forewarning potential volcanic eruption and earthquake.

Key words: semiconductor minerals, potential charge carrier, thermoelectric effect, abnormal geoelectric field, volcanic eruption and earthquake, abnormal forewarning

中图分类号:

P579
P574

申俊峰, 申旭辉, 李胜荣, 徐立为, 杜柏松, 王冬丽, 王书豪. 矿物热电效应与火山地震之热电异常[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(5): 207-217.

SHEN Junfeng, SHEN Xuhui, LI Shengrong, XU Liwei, DU Baisong, WANG Dongli, WANG Shuhao. Relationship between the effects of mineral thermoelectricity and abnormal geoelectricity[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(5): 207-217.

图/表 4

图1 火山地震热异常激发产生热电效应引发地电异常连锁反应图

Fig.1 A schematic illustration of the chain events relating to the abnormal geoelectricity generation by thermoelectric effect induced by thermal anomaly during earthquake

图2 火山地震地电异常热电模式示意图

Fig.2 A sketch of the thermoelectric effect model explaining the geoelectric anomaly during earthquake

图3 热电性效应引发的地下垂直电偶极子电场分布图

Fig.3 Distribution of the electric field of underground vertical electric dipole induced by thermoelectric effect

图4 热电性效应引发的地下倾斜电偶极子电流场分布图

Fig.4 Distribution of the electric current field of underground inclined electric dipole induced by thermoelectric effect

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