四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.24

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 261-272.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.24

四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价

胡宗全¹^,²^,³(), 王濡岳¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 刘忠宝¹, 刘光祥¹, 冯动军¹, 杨振恒⁴, 王鹏威¹

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2. 中国石油化工集团有限公司页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 100083
3. 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
4. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-28
通讯作者: 王濡岳
作者简介:胡宗全(1971—),男,博士,正高级工程师,从事沉积与油气储层、致密与页岩油气地质研究。E-mail: huzongquan.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05036004-001);国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05036004-007);中国石油化工集团有限公司科技部项目(P19017-2)

Source-reservoir characteristics and coupling evaluations for the Lower Jurassic lacustrine shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin

HU Zongquan¹^,²^,³(), WANG Ruyue¹^,²^,³^,^*(), LIU Zhongbao¹, LIU Guangxiang¹, FENG Dongjun¹, YANG Zhenheng⁴, WANG Pengwei¹

1. SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
2. SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production, Beijing 100083, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
4. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Wuxi 214126, China

Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2020-05-19 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-28
Contact: WANG Ruyue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地陆相页岩气勘探前景良好,目前已在川东北地区下侏罗统获得良好页岩气显示和工业气流。与海相页岩相比,陆相页岩具有相变快、岩相组合类型多(夹层发育)、有机质丰度低和源储配置关系复杂等特点。运用“源储耦合”研究思路,利用宏观-微观结合的储层表征技术对下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段页岩的烃源特征、储集特征及其耦合关系开展了分析与评价。结果表明:(1)岩相组合特征。大安寨段为一套以暗色页岩与介壳灰岩不等厚互层为主的浅湖-半深湖沉积,主要发育4种岩相与3种厚度组合,主要包括高碳黏土质页岩夹薄层(<1 m)介壳灰岩、中碳黏土质/含粉砂质页岩夹薄-中层(<3 m)介壳灰岩、低-中碳粉砂质页岩夹中-厚层介壳灰岩及少量粉细砂岩;其中页岩为源岩和主要储层,介壳灰岩为次要储层和隔夹层,致密砂岩物性较差,主要为隔夹层。(2)烃源与储集特征。川东北地区页岩厚度介于30~40 m,TOC含量普遍介于1.0%~2.0%;有机质类型以Ⅱ₂型和Ⅲ型为主;页岩储集空间包括有机孔、无机孔与宏-微观裂缝,页岩中黏土矿物粒缘孔和晶间孔最为发育,有机孔次之,微裂缝发育程度与连通性较好;介壳灰岩夹层以粒间孔、粒内孔、微裂缝为主要储集空间。(3)揭示了大安寨段页岩层系的源储耦合机理。宏观上,TOC含量和孔隙度均随灰质含量的增加而降低,页岩的源储耦合条件优于夹层,以黏土质页岩为最优;微观上,页岩内部存在有机质与有机孔的源储一体耦合、原始有机质与无机孔和微裂缝之间为纳米至微米级距离的迁移耦合,页岩与夹层间为毫米至厘米级距离的迁移耦合,夹层内部则有赖于相邻页岩中有机质与夹层中无机孔和微裂缝的厘米至米级距离的运移耦合。(4)分别针对页岩层和夹层源储耦合特征建立了相应的源储耦合评价参数,对研究区2口典型钻井开展评价并优选了水平井靶窗。

关键词: 页岩气, 烃源岩, 储层, 源储耦合机理, 陆相页岩, 夹层, 下侏罗统, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Continental shale gas in the Sichuan Basin has good exploration prospects with obtainable industrial gas flow in the Lower Jurassic formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Compared with marine shale, the characteristics of continental shale include rapid lithofacies variation, multiple types of lithofacies association (often interlayers), low total organic matter content (TOC), and complex source-reservoir relationship. Based on the idea of “source-reservoir coupling”, using macro-micro reservoir characterization methods, we analyzed and evaluated the source-reservoir characteristics and coupling relationship for the continental shale in the Da’anzhai Member of the Low Jurassic Ziliujing Formation. The results can be summarized into four main areas. (1) Lithofacies combinations. The Da’anzhai Member is a set of shallow to semi-deep lake deposits with dark shale and shell limestone interlayers of varying thickness. The main lithofacies combinations of 4 lithofacies and 3 thicknesses are mainly thin (< 1 m) interlayers of shell limestone between high TOC argillaceous shale, thin to medium-thin (< 3 m) interlayers of shell limestone between medium TOC argillaceous/silty shale, and medium-thick interlayers of shell limestone with a small amount of fine-silty sandstone between low-medium TOC silty shale. Shale is the source rock and main reservoir; shell limestone serves as secondary reservoir and interlayer; and tight sandstone with poor physical properties mainly functions as interlayer. (2) Source-reservoir characteristics. The thickness of shale in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is between 30-40 m, with TOC content generally between 1.0%-2.0%. Organic matter types are mainly types II₂ and III. The shale reservoir space types are organic and inorganic pores and macro-micro fractures. The most developed pores are marginal and interparticle pores in clay minerals, followed by organic pores, while interconnected micro fractures are also well developed. In the shell limestone interlayers, the inter and intraparticle pores and micro fractures are the main types of reservoir space. (3) The macro source-reservoir configuration and micro source-storage coupling mechanism of continental shale strata in the Da’anzhai Member. Macroscopically, both TOC and porosity decreased with increasing carbonate content. The condition of source-reservoir coupling is better in shale than in interlayers, and the argillaceous shale is the best shale. Microscopically, there are a integrated source-reservoir coupling between organic matter and organic pore and a migration coupling within nm to μm distance between organic matter/inorganic pore and micro-fracture in shale strata; between shale and interlayer there is a migration coupling within mm to cm distance; and in the interlayer, migration coupling occurs within cm to m distance between organic matter (from the adjacent shale)/inorganic pore and micro-fracture. (4) Coupling evaluation. The corresponding source-reservoir coupling evaluation parameters are established for shale strata and interlayers, while coupling conditions are evaluated for two typical wells, and a preferred horizontal well’s target window has been suggested based on the evaluation results.

Key words: shale gas, source rock, reservoir, source-reservoir coupling mechanism, lacustrine shale, interlayer, Lower Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

胡宗全, 王濡岳, 刘忠宝, 刘光祥, 冯动军, 杨振恒, 王鹏威. 四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 261-272.

HU Zongquan, WANG Ruyue, LIU Zhongbao, LIU Guangxiang, FENG Dongjun, YANG Zhenheng, WANG Pengwei. Source-reservoir characteristics and coupling evaluations for the Lower Jurassic lacustrine shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 261-272.

图/表 12

图1 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系沉积与分布特征

Fig.1 Sedimentary and distribution characteristics of the Da’anzhai Member in the Sichuan Basin

图2 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩主要岩相类型与特征

Fig.2 Major lithofacies types and characteristics of the Da’anzhai Member in the Sichuan Basin

图3 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩和夹层厚度分布特征

Fig.3 Distribution of shale and interlayer thicknesses in the Da’anzhai Member, Sichuan Basin

图4 四川盆地元坝和涪陵地区不同岩相TOC含量

Fig.4 TOC content of different lithofacies in the Da’anzhai Member of the Yuanba and Fuling areas

表1 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段微观孔隙类型及特征

Table 1 Macropore types and characteristics of the Da’anzhai Member

岩性	孔隙类型	孔隙载体	孔隙分布	孔隙形态	孔隙发育程度
页岩	有机孔	迁移有机质(固体沥青)	固体沥青内部	球状为主	较高
	有机孔	原地有机质(生物碎屑等)	有机质内部、边缘	不规则状	低
	无机孔	无机矿物	黏土及碎屑矿物颗粒缘及晶间	线状、三角形、不规则状	高
			碳酸盐等不稳定矿物内部、边缘	针孔状、不规则状	较低
			粉砂质碎屑粒间、边缘	针孔状	低
灰岩	有机孔	迁移有机质	固体沥青内部	球状为主	低
	无机孔	无机矿物	碳酸盐矿物粒间	不规则状	低
	无机孔	无机矿物	碳酸盐矿物粒内	针孔状、不规则状、线状解理	中等

图5 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系微观孔隙发育特征 a—有机质内部孔隙,XL101井,2 150.5 m;b—迁移有机质内部孔隙发育程度高,FY1井,2 600.5 m;c—高成熟度页岩有机孔发育程度较高,YL4井,3 784.2 m;d—原地有机质内部孔隙发育程度低;e—黏土矿物粒间孔,YL4井,4 004.7 m;f—碳酸盐矿物溶蚀铸模孔,XL101井,2 150.5 m;g—碳酸盐矿物内部溶蚀孔,YL4井,3 785.4 m;h—灰岩夹层较致密,粒间孔少量发育,XL101井,2 146.0 m;i—h图局部放大,可见碳酸盐溶蚀孔,粒间孔被有机质充填,有机质边缘与内部有机孔发育。

Fig.5 Macropore characteristics of shale strata in the Da’anzhai Member

图6 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系裂缝发育特征 a—黏土质页岩层间微裂缝发育,含介壳黏土质页岩层间、岩性界面处裂缝较发育,XL101井,2 261.0 m;b—XL101井,涪页3-2井,2 208.2 m;c—层间缝,方解石充填,涪页1井,2 597.35 m;d—黏土质页岩合金注入后微裂缝连通性较好,XL101井,2 154.8 m;e—介壳灰岩与页岩层间微裂缝,YL4井,3 753.4 m;f—层间微裂缝,重晶石半充填,YL4井,3 753.4 m;g—粉砂质页岩微裂缝发育程度低于黏土质页岩,YB21井,4 025.0 m;h—泥质灰岩夹层粒间微裂缝,XL101井,2 150.5 m;i—有机质充填微裂缝强度较低,易开启,YL30井,4 004.7 m。

Fig.6 Fracture characteristics of shale strata in the Da’anzhai Member

图7 四川盆地元坝和涪陵地区侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系物性特征

Fig.7 Physical properties of shale strata in the Da’anzhai Member of the Yuanba and Fuling areas

图8 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组(a)与大安寨段(b)不同类型页岩储层孔径分布特征

Fig.8 Pore size distributions of different types of shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin

图9 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段陆相页岩源储耦合机理示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram illustrating the source-reservoir coupling mechanism for continental shale in the Da’anzhai Member

图10 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段源储耦合系数累计频率分布

Fig.10 Cumulative frequency distribution of source-reservoir coupling coefficient in the Da’anzhai Member

图11 四川盆地元坝和涪陵地区典型井侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系源储配置特征及耦合评价

Fig.11 Source-reservoir characteristics and coupling evaluation of shale strata in the Da’anzhai Member of key wells in Yuanba and Fuling areas

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四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价

Source-reservoir characteristics and coupling evaluations for the Lower Jurassic lacustrine shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin

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