沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段致密储层成因机理

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.19

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 202-213.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.19

沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段致密储层成因机理

吴冬¹^,²(), 刘显太³, 杜玉山⁴, 朱筱敏⁵, 蒋龙⁴, 耿斌⁴, 程紫燕⁴, 郭士博⁴

1. 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 四川成都 610059
2. 成都理工大学能源学院, 四川成都 610059
3. 中国石化胜利油田分公司, 山东东营 257015
4. 中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015
5. 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-28
作者简介:吴冬(1987—),男,副研究员,主要从事沉积学和储层地质学教学科研工作。E-mail: lisandpw@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05002-004-010);国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05072);胜利油田博士后科研项目(YKB1615)

Genesis of the tight reservoirs in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

WU Dong¹^,²(), LIU Xiantai³, DU Yushan⁴, ZHU Xiaomin⁵, JIANG Long⁴, GENG Bin⁴, CHENG Ziyan⁴, GUO Shibo⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu 610059, China
2. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3. SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257015, China
4. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257015, China
5. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2020-05-19 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

渤南洼陷是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷重要的油气富集区,其中渤南洼陷北带发育的深层砂砾岩致密油藏是沙河街组沙四上亚段油气增产的关键,其储层成因机理研究是该区实现未开发储量动用的基础。通过对钻井、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、储层物性、压汞、核磁共振等相关资料分析,认为致密储层分布于2类扇三角洲沉积物中,受沉积体系差异影响。早期形成的扇三角洲规模较大,沉积物延伸距离长,机械分异作用强,颗粒粗细分明,孔渗具有良好的正相关对应关系;后期形成的扇三角洲规模较小,沉积物近源、快速堆积,机械分异作用弱,颗粒混杂堆积,孔渗对应关系不明显。刚性、易溶的岩屑能够有效提高砂砾岩储层物性,其在原始沉积物中的含量不能过低。储层岩性以岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低;孔隙类型以次生孔隙和原生孔隙为主,喉道类型以片状和弯片状为主,孔隙连通性差;孔隙结构包括5类,储层非均质性强。压实作用和胶结作用是破坏渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段砂砾岩储层物性的重要因素,胶结作用多类型、多期次、强破坏,其中伊利石胶结的强弱对储层性能影响显著。溶蚀作用、破裂作用和超压作用有助于储层物性的改善,但建设性成岩作用总体影响有限。综合分析渤南洼陷北带沙四段致密储层形成机制,认为石英、长石和岩屑相对含量近似,伊利石相对含量更低的粗砂岩储层为研究区有利储层。孔喉大小和孔喉比与孔隙度和渗透率一样,是评价致密储层的关键参数,孔隙度、渗透率越高,孔喉半径越大,孔喉比越小,则储层物性越好。

关键词: 致密储层, 砂砾岩, 成因机理, 沙河街组沙四上亚段, 渤南洼陷, 沾化凹陷

Abstract:

The Bonan Subsag is an important oil and gas-rich region of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The deeply buried tight glutenite reservoir in the northern Bonan Subsag is significant for hydrocarbon recovery from the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, and understanding its genesis is the basis of exploring new reservoirs in this area. Here, using various techniques, including drilling, thin section analysis, scanning electronic microscope, physical property measurement, mercury penetration and nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that the tight reservoirs can be recognized in two kinds of fan delta deposits and they were influenced significantly by differential depositions. The fan large delta formed in the early stage hosts an extensive deposition of well separated coarse and fine-grained sandstones due to strong mechanical differentiation, and showed a relatively good correlation between porosity and permeability. Whereas the small fan delta formed in the later stage is composed of poorly separated mix-grained sandstones that accumulated rapidly near the source of clasts, and there was no apparent correlation between porosity and permeability for this reservoir. The source sediment should contain sufficient amount of hard and soluble rock fragments which can effectively improve reservoir property. We show that the tight reservoirs are mainly composed of lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite and generally immature both texturally and compositionally. Commonly observed were dissolved and primary pores, and flaky or curved lamellar throats, with poor pore connectivity. Five types of pore structures resulted in strong reservoir heterogeneity. We further show that compaction and cementation were important factors for destroying the reservoir properties of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the northern Bonan Subsag. Cementation was multitype, multistage and had strong destructive impacts, and the degree of lillite cementation, specially, had a significant influence on the reservoir. Dissolution, fracturing and overpressure were beneficial for improving reservoir properties, however, their overall influence was limited. We then discuss the genesis of tight reservoirs in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, and reveal that the coarse-grained sandstone, containing roughly equal amounts of quartz, feldspar and lithic fragments and a little illite, was beneficial for making good reservoirs in the study area. Besides porosity and permeability, pore size and pore to throat size ratio are key parameters in reservoir evaluation. As it has been demonstrated, higher porosity and permeability, larger pore size and smaller pore to throat size ratio can result in better reservoirs.

Key words: tight reservoir, glutenite, genesis, upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation, Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

中图分类号:

吴冬, 刘显太, 杜玉山, 朱筱敏, 蒋龙, 耿斌, 程紫燕, 郭士博. 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段致密储层成因机理[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 202-213.

WU Dong, LIU Xiantai, DU Yushan, ZHU Xiaomin, JIANG Long, GENG Bin, CHENG Ziyan, GUO Shibo. Genesis of the tight reservoirs in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 202-213.

图/表 10

图1 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带构造位置和渤南洼陷地层综合柱状图(据文献[11,12,13]修改)

Fig.1 Tectonic boundaries of the northern Bonan Subsag and generalized stratigraphic column for the Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag. Modified from [11,12,13].

图2 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段砂岩类型三角图(据文献[11]修改) Ⅰ—石英砂岩;Ⅱ—长石质石英砂岩;Ⅲ—岩屑质石英砂岩;Ⅳ—长石岩屑质石英砂岩;Ⅴ—长石砂岩;Ⅵ—岩屑质长石砂岩;Ⅶ—长石质岩屑砂岩;Ⅷ—岩屑砂岩。

Fig.2 Sandstone classification triangle diagram for the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag. Modified from [11].

图3 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段储层物性特征

Fig.3 Reservoir properties of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

图4 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段砂砾岩储层孔喉和成岩作用特征 (a)—颗粒点-线接触,原生孔隙(红色箭头),石英次生加大,义170井,3 808.8 m,正交偏光;(b)—长石沿解理溶蚀,次生孔隙(P),义176井,3 689.7 m,扫描电镜;(c)—裂缝(红色箭头),义160井,3 604.5 m,单偏光;(d)—方解石胶结(Cal),石英次生加大,义160井,3 612.0 m,单偏光;(e)—铁白云石(Ak)和铁方解石(Fc)胶结,粒内溶孔,义172井,4 037 m,单偏光;(f)—石英次生加大(AQ),方解石胶结,粒内溶孔,义170井,3 808.8 m,单偏光。

Fig.4 Pore throat and diagenetic characteristics of glutenite reservoir in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

图5 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段砂砾岩储层常规压汞曲线特征

Fig.5 Injection-Hg capillary pressure curve characteristics of the glutenite reservoir in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

图6 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段沉积微相分布特征(据文献[23]修改)

Fig.6 Sedimentary microfacies distribution of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag. Modified from [23].

图7 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段碎屑组分含量与物性的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between the detrital content and reservoir property of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

图8 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段黏土矿物含量与物性的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between clay mineral content and reservoir property of the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

图9 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段孔隙度与压力系数的关系(据文献[29])

Fig.9 Relationship between porosity and pressure coefficient of the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag. Adapted from [29].

图10 沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段不同样品的孔喉大小

Fig.10 Distributions of pore and throat sizes for different samples from the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

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沾化凹陷渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段致密储层成因机理

Genesis of the tight reservoirs in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation, northern Bonan Subsag, Zhanhua Sag

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