敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系层序地层格架与沉积体系分布

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.17

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 177-189.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.17

敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系层序地层格架与沉积体系分布

董艳蕾¹^,²(), 朱筱敏¹^,²^,^*(), 韦敏鹏³, 李顺利⁴, 赵瑞星¹^,², 贾天鹏¹^,², 关维锋¹^,², 张亚雄⁵

1. 中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2. 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3. 广西安科岩土工程有限责任公司, 广西南宁 530012
4. 中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
5. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-28
通讯作者: 朱筱敏
作者简介:董艳蕾(1972—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事层序地层学及地震沉积学专业研究。E-mail: yanleidong@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“陆相断陷湖盆深水浊积扇定量地震地貌学研究”(41202078)

Jurassic sequence framework and sedimentary system distribution in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

DONG Yanlei¹^,²(), ZHU Xiaomin¹^,²^,^*(), WEI Minpeng³, LI Shunli⁴, ZHAO Ruixing¹^,², JIA Tianpeng¹^,², GUAN Weifeng¹^,², ZHANG Yaxiong⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. Guangxi Anke Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanning 530012, China
4. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5. SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2020-05-19 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-28
Contact: ZHU Xiaomin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

敦煌盆地是一个处于石油勘探早期阶段的中生代的断陷盆地,油气资源勘探潜力较大,搭建层序地层格架、阐明沉积体系分布是发现油气资源的基础。本文利用露头、钻测井、岩心和地震资料,综合考虑构造演化、物源体系、岩心特征等多种因素,明确了敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系沉积相类型及分布规律。研究表明,本次研究的主要目的层中下侏罗统可以划分为2个三级层序,SQI大致对应于下侏罗统大山口组,SQII对应于中侏罗统中间沟组一段。边界断裂的活动形成了箕状断陷结构,使得凹陷的古地形具有南部陡、北部缓的分异特点,充填地层具有南厚北薄的分布特征。敦煌盆地沉积物主要来自北山、阿尔金—祁连山和三危山,五墩凹陷的沉积物来自于北部、南部和东部物源。五墩凹陷中下侏罗统发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和湖泊等3种沉积相类型。该区的两口探井(西参1井和墩1井)在中下侏罗统均只钻遇辫状河三角洲前缘亚相;扇三角洲无井钻遇,但是可以通过露头和地震资料识别出来;湖相沉积可以分为滨浅湖及湖底扇两种亚相,滨浅湖亚相主要发育湖泥和滩坝两种微相,湖底扇亚相发育砂质碎屑舌状体和泥质碎屑舌状体两种微相。五墩凹陷沉积体系和砂体分布规律主要受构造背景和物源的双重控制。北部及北东部受北山和北东部长轴方向物源影响形成辫状河三角洲,南部受三危山物源影响形成扇三角洲沉积,凹陷中央为滨浅湖沉积。

关键词: 敦煌盆地, 五墩凹陷, 中下侏罗统, 物源, 沉积类型, 沉积展布

Abstract:

The Dunhuang Basin is a Mesozoic rift basin with relatively high exploration potential, and is in the early stage of petroleum exploration. As it is known, the basis of petroleum exploration is building the sequence framework and obtaining the sedimentary system distribution. Using the outcrop, core, lithology, well-logging and seismic data, and taking into account of various geological factors, such as tectonic settings and sediment supplies, etc., we identified the sedimentary facies types and determined the sedimentary distribution in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin. The findings show that the main Middle-Lower Jurassic strata in the study area can be divided into two third-order sequences SQI and SQII. Roughly, SQI corresponds to the Dashankou Formation, and SQII to the 1^st member of the Zhongjiangou Formation. Due to the movement of boundary faults, the Wudun Sag is a half graben-like sag with steep slope in the south and gentle slope in the north, so the sequence distribution thins out from south to north. The material sources in the Dunhuang Basin primarily originated from the Bei, Altun-Qilian and Sanwei Mountains. The sedimentary distribution in the Wudun Sag was controlled by the source supplies from the north, south and east. The Middle-Lower Jurassic strata of the Wudun Sag developed three types of facies: braided river delta, fan delta and lakes. The sedimentary type for Wells XC1 and Dun1 is the braided delta front. Fan delta without drilling wells can be identified by outcrops and seismic data. Lacustrine consists of shore-shallow lake (including lake mud and beach and bar microfacies) and sublacustrine fan (including sand and mud flow deposits). The developmental scale and distribution mechanism of sandbodies were primarily subjected to tectonic and provenance controls, and the sedimentary distribution of different sequences are roughly the same. Continued accumulation of terrigenous detrital rocks in the north and northeast left behind braided delta sediments on the gentle slopes, while, affected by material sources from the Sanwei Mountain, the fan delta sedimentary system developed in the south, and littoral-shallow lacustrine sediments deposited in the central depression.

Key words: Dunhuang Basin, Wudun Sag, Middle-Lower Jurassic, provenance, sedimentary types, sedimentary distribution

中图分类号:

董艳蕾, 朱筱敏, 韦敏鹏, 李顺利, 赵瑞星, 贾天鹏, 关维锋, 张亚雄. 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系层序地层格架与沉积体系分布[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 177-189.

DONG Yanlei, ZHU Xiaomin, WEI Minpeng, LI Shunli, ZHAO Ruixing, JIA Tianpeng, GUAN Weifeng, ZHANG Yaxiong. Jurassic sequence framework and sedimentary system distribution in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 177-189.

图/表 14

图1 敦煌盆地构造单元划分及五墩凹陷勘探程度图 a—敦煌盆地构造单元划分图;b—五墩凹陷周边露头位置图;c—五墩凹陷勘探程度图。

Fig.1 (a) A sketch map of the structural units in the Dunhuang Basin. (b) Outcrop locations in the Wudun Sag. (c) Diagram showing the extend of exploration in the Wudun Sag.

图2 敦煌盆地侏罗纪构造特征示意图(据文献[9])

Fig.2 The structural characteristics of the Jurassic strata in the Dunhuang Basin. Adapted from [9].

Table 1 Comparison of the Middle-Lower Jurassic sequence stratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图3 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷中下侏罗统不同体系域地层厚度等值线图

Fig.3 Isopach map showing tract thickness of different Middle-Lower Jurassic systems in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图4 据残存盆地布格重力异常图判断物源方向

Fig.4 Predicating the direction of sediment supplies according to the residual Bouguer gravity anomaly map

图5 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷及周缘物源供给及野外露头沉积序列

Fig.5 Sediment supplies and sedimentary sequence of field outcrops around the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图6 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷周缘多坝沟露头南部与北部古水流方向特征

Fig.6 Characteristics of northern and southern palaeoflow directions for the Duobagou outcrop around the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图7 据前积地震反射和沟谷判断五墩凹陷物源方向(平面位置见图1b)

Fig.7 Predicating the direction of sediment supply according to the forest seismic facies and channels (See Fig.1b for seismic cross-section and well locations)

图8 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河道间沉积微相特征

Fig.8 Sedimentary characteristics of subaqueous distributary and interdistributary channels of the braided-delta front in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图9 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷辫状河三角洲前缘河口坝微相沉积特征

Fig.9 Sedimentary characteristics of point bar of the braided-delta front in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图10 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷周缘扇三角洲露头(南湖)侏罗系岩性组合特征

Fig.10 Lithologic association characteristics of the Jurassic fan-delta sedimentary outcrop (Nanhu) around the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

图11 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系湖底扇沉积岩性特征及沉积序列(墩1井)

Fig.11 Lithologic association characteristics and sedimentary sequence of the Jurassic sublacustrine fan in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin(Well Dun1)

图12 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷西参1井—墩1井中下侏罗统连井层序及沉积相对比图(剖面位置见图1c)

Fig.12 Sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Middle-Lower Jurassic strata in joint Wells XC1 and Dun1 in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin (See Fig.1c for cross-section location)

图13 敦煌盆地五墩凹陷SQI-SQII(大山口组至中间沟组一段)沉积体系展布图

Fig.13 Sedimentary characteristics of SQI-SQII sequence in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

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敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系层序地层格架与沉积体系分布

Jurassic sequence framework and sedimentary system distribution in the Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

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