河北武安地区隐爆角砾岩特征及成因探讨

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.11.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

出露于河北武安地区的隐爆角砾岩分布广泛,其成岩过程对于研究该区岩浆和流体的相互作用及成矿作用具有重要意义。本文对河北武安洪山隐爆角砾岩进行了详细的野外及镜下观察及电子探针(EMPA)及激光剥蚀等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)的原位分析。详细的矿物学研究表明,武安角砾岩主要分布于主岩体(闪长岩)与围岩(灰岩)之间,角砾多为棱角状、次棱角状,具有明显可以拼合的特征,角砾边部常可见方解石的再生加大现象,因铁含量的不同,角砾呈深浅不同的颜色。基质成分主要由方解石和赤铁矿组成。赤铁矿环带发育,其核部FeO高,边部MgO、Al₂O₃高,其全铁含量与SiO₂呈良好的负相关关系;赤铁矿相对富集Ba,K,U等元素,亏损Th,Ta,Nb,Zr,Hf等高场强元素,表明其可能形成于岩浆-流体环境。同心层状赤铁矿明显富集Ti和Pb,Ti的相对富集表明同心层状赤铁矿的成因与岩浆有关,Pb的相对富集则表明其形成后期有热液叠加参与。本文研究认为,武安地区隐爆角砾岩的成因模式为:深部岩浆流体在上升过程中受到上覆围岩的圈闭而产生流体沸腾超压现象,随后上覆岩层突然减压破碎,岩浆-流体发生隐爆作用并将上层岩体破碎胶结成岩。

关键词: 河北武安, 隐爆角砾岩, 岩浆热液, 赤铁矿

Abstract:

Cryptoexplosive breccia is widely distributed in Wu’an, Hebei Province. The study of its forming process of is important to the understandings of the interaction between magma and fluid and the formation of Fe deposit. We carried out in situ mineralogical analysis by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in combination with detailed field and microscope investigation. The results show that the Wu’an breccia is mainly distributed between the Hongshan intrusive complex (mainly diorite) and its host rock (limestone). The gravels are mostly angular or subangular-shaped and could be easily pieced together. Secondary enlargement of calcite is often seen on the edge of the angular gravels of different colors due to different Fe contents. The matrix of breccia is mainly composed of calcite and hematite. A composition zone can be observed in hematite, which has higher FeO content in the core and higher MgO and Al₂O₃ contents in the edge. The total iron is negatively correlated with SiO₂ content. The trace elemental characteristics of hematite show enrichments of Ba, K and U and depletions of high field-strength elements, such as Th, Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf, which may indicate that the magma was formed in a magma-fluid environment. The core hematite zone is enriched in Ti and Pb. The enrichment of Ti indicates the hematite’s magmatic origin, while the enrichment of Pb indicates a later involvement of hydrofluid superposition. According to this study, the genetic model of the cryptoexplosive breccia in the Wu’an area is as follows: The trapping of rising deep magmatic fluid by overlying host rock resulted in boiling and overpressure of the fluid, which led to cryptoexplosion as the overlying rock strata suddenly decompressed and broke up and the magmatic fluid cemented the upper rock mass into rocks.

Key words: Wu’an City in Hebei Province;, cryptoexplosive breccia, magmatic hydrothermal fluid, hematite

中图分类号:

李瑞鹏, 崔晓亮, 苏尚国, 张雅南, 梁存涛, 陈学根. 河北武安地区隐爆角砾岩特征及成因探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 353-362.

LI Ruipeng, CUI Xiaoliang, SU Shangguo, ZHANG Yanan, LIANG Cuntao, CHEN Xuegen. Discussion on the features and mechanism of cryptoexplosive breccia in Wu’an, Hebei Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 353-362.

图/表 11

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样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	Total
4b4-2-4	0.05	0.03	0.61	0.08	0.24	51.76	0.05	0.02	52.84
4b4-2-5	0.00	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.36	53.19	0.02	0.00	53.89
4b4-2-6	0.05	0.03	0.15	0.03	0.25	52.75	0.00	0.00	53.28
4b5-3-4	0.06	0.03	0.18	0.00	0.35	53.32	0.02	0.00	53.96
4b5-3-5	0.26	0.09	0.20	0.00	0.38	52.78	0.02	0.04	53.77
4b4-4-4	0.04	0.00	0.12	0.02	0.15	53.26	0.02	0.02	53.62
4b4-4-5	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.37	54.59	0.04	0.00	55.03
4b4-4-6	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.22	54.44	0.04	0.00	54.89
4b4-5-4	0.55	0.42	0.28	0.03	0.19	53.15	0.06	0.00	54.68
L1-3-1	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.12	55.39	0.00	0.01	55.62
L1-3-2	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	53.84	0.01	0.01	53.97
L1-4-1	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.11	0.09	54.81	0.06	0.00	55.13
L1-4-2	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.09	54.07	0.13	0.03	54.38
L2-1-1	0.62	0.55	0.05	0.00	0.49	54.50	0.07	0.01	56.39
L2-1-2	0.08	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.06	53.95	0.06	0.01	54.23
L2-1-3	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.35	53.94	0.00	0.00	54.46
L2-2-1	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.15	57.13	0.03	0.02	57.43
L2-2-2	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.07	54.76	0.00	0.00	54.87
L2-2-3	0.05	0.00	0.23	0.00	0.12	56.35	0.04	0.03	56.83
L2-4-1	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.04	54.78	0.00	0.00	54.91
L2-4-2	0.05	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.23	57.58	0.00	0.00	57.93
L2-4-3	0.10	0.04	1.16	0.04	0.12	54.20	0.23	0.04	55.94
L3-5-1	0.08	0.04	0.02	0.00	0.10	54.83	0.07	0.01	55.18
L3-5-2	0.23	0.17	0.02	0.03	0.35	55.22	0.20	0.04	56.29
L3-5-3	0.26	0.10	0.57	0.13	0.66	57.20	0.24	0.08	59.46
L3-4-1	0.08	0.04	0.32	0.04	0.17	54.96	0.00	0.02	55.65
L3-4-2	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.35	55.55	0.04	0.00	56.12
L3-4-3	0.36	0.19	0.22	0.01	0.08	57.68	0.06	0.04	58.66
L2-9-3	0.12	0.09	0.00	0.01	0.10	56.57	0.07	0.01	57.03
L2-9-4	0.17	0.08	0.02	0.03	0.06	55.87	0.04	0.01	56.30

样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	Total
4b4-2-4	0.05	0.03	0.61	0.08	0.24	51.76	0.05	0.02	52.84
4b4-2-5	0.00	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.36	53.19	0.02	0.00	53.89
4b4-2-6	0.05	0.03	0.15	0.03	0.25	52.75	0.00	0.00	53.28
4b5-3-4	0.06	0.03	0.18	0.00	0.35	53.32	0.02	0.00	53.96
4b5-3-5	0.26	0.09	0.20	0.00	0.38	52.78	0.02	0.04	53.77
4b4-4-4	0.04	0.00	0.12	0.02	0.15	53.26	0.02	0.02	53.62
4b4-4-5	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.37	54.59	0.04	0.00	55.03
4b4-4-6	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.22	54.44	0.04	0.00	54.89
4b4-5-4	0.55	0.42	0.28	0.03	0.19	53.15	0.06	0.00	54.68
L1-3-1	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.12	55.39	0.00	0.01	55.62
L1-3-2	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	53.84	0.01	0.01	53.97
L1-4-1	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.11	0.09	54.81	0.06	0.00	55.13
L1-4-2	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.09	54.07	0.13	0.03	54.38
L2-1-1	0.62	0.55	0.05	0.00	0.49	54.50	0.07	0.01	56.39
L2-1-2	0.08	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.06	53.95	0.06	0.01	54.23
L2-1-3	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.35	53.94	0.00	0.00	54.46
L2-2-1	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.15	57.13	0.03	0.02	57.43
L2-2-2	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.07	54.76	0.00	0.00	54.87
L2-2-3	0.05	0.00	0.23	0.00	0.12	56.35	0.04	0.03	56.83
L2-4-1	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.04	54.78	0.00	0.00	54.91
L2-4-2	0.05	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.23	57.58	0.00	0.00	57.93
L2-4-3	0.10	0.04	1.16	0.04	0.12	54.20	0.23	0.04	55.94
L3-5-1	0.08	0.04	0.02	0.00	0.10	54.83	0.07	0.01	55.18
L3-5-2	0.23	0.17	0.02	0.03	0.35	55.22	0.20	0.04	56.29
L3-5-3	0.26	0.10	0.57	0.13	0.66	57.20	0.24	0.08	59.46
L3-4-1	0.08	0.04	0.32	0.04	0.17	54.96	0.00	0.02	55.65
L3-4-2	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.35	55.55	0.04	0.00	56.12
L3-4-3	0.36	0.19	0.22	0.01	0.08	57.68	0.06	0.04	58.66
L2-9-3	0.12	0.09	0.00	0.01	0.10	56.57	0.07	0.01	57.03
L2-9-4	0.17	0.08	0.02	0.03	0.06	55.87	0.04	0.01	56.30

样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	Total
L3-6-1	4.78	0.36	71.55	0.11	0.71	0.40	0.03	0.01	0.15	78.12
L3-6-2	3.43	0.30	80.43	0.06	0.36	0.47	0.03	0.00	0.21	85.34
L3-6-3	3.74	0.65	81.07	0.09	0.27	0.86	0.03	0.00	0.21	86.92
L3-6-4	3.04	0.49	76.18	0.02	0.79	0.33	0.01	0.00	0.16	81.03
L3-6-5	3.84	0.70	78.61	0.06	0.41	0.48	0.00	0.00	0.18	84.29
L3-6-6	3.63	0.66	78.57	0.03	0.47	0.48	0.02	0.00	0.16	84.06
L3-6-7	3.65	0.64	78.06	0.04	0.47	0.51	0.03	0.00	0.29	83.69
L3-6-8	3.89	0.68	80.88	0.03	0.26	0.80	0.00	0.01	0.14	86.71
L3-6-9	3.64	0.32	81.93	0.10	0.19	0.51	0.05	0.01	0.10	86.92
L3-6-10	4.06	0.30	72.56	0.11	0.89	0.67	0.04	0.01	0.13	78.79
L1-8-1	3.58	0.45	78.08	0.17	0.54	0.54	0.05	0.01	0.05	83.48
L1-8-2	4.50	0.80	79.06	0.10	0.33	0.38	0.03	0.00	0.15	85.35
L1-8-3	4.47	1.04	79.58	0.28	0.40	0.56	0.09	0.01	0.18	86.63
L1-8-4	3.53	0.27	82.36	0.17	0.20	0.56	0.07	0.03	0.13	87.32
L1-8-5	3.29	0.20	80.73	0.15	0.38	0.47	0.03	0.00	0.10	85.35
L1-8-6	3.92	0.46	80.44	0.17	0.37	0.89	0.09	0.02	0.06	86.45
L2-6-1	5.56	0.26	76.81	0.10	0.78	0.38	0.15	0.09	0.02	84.17
L2-6-2	4.25	0.29	82.39	0.15	0.30	0.56	0.09	0.02	0.07	88.15
L2-6-3	3.88	0.39	85.55	0.18	0.39	0.67	0.08	0.01	0.17	91.34
L2-6-4	3.47	0.30	82.86	0.51	0.40	0.68	0.18	0.05	0.14	88.60
L2-6-5	3.83	0.32	83.45	0.17	0.26	0.70	0.16	0.03	0.12	89.07
L2-6-6	3.80	0.26	82.78	0.12	0.24	0.77	0.09	0.00	0.07	88.18
L2-6-7	5.82	0.34	75.90	0.12	0.89	0.80	0.29	0.07	0.02	84.32
4b4-6-5	4.57	0.95	79.21	0.11	0.95	0.38	0.21	0.02	0.05	86.54
4b4-6-6	2.91	0.10	84.65	0.01	0.30	0.37	0.11	0.00	0.03	88.50
4b4-6-7	4.08	0.11	84.10	0.04	0.42	0.30	0.06	0.02	0.11	89.27
4b4-6-8	2.80	0.07	84.22	0.01	0.26	0.32	0.07	0.00	0.02	87.79
4b4-6-9	3.10	0.05	84.25	0.02	0.30	0.32	0.15	0.02	0.05	88.26
4b4-6-10	5.25	0.68	76.68	0.03	0.80	0.29	0.11	0.00	0.04	83.89
4b4-7-1	4.67	0.26	72.82	0.19	0.76	0.33	0.14	0.00	0.08	79.30
4b4-7-2	3.58	0.08	83.59	0.23	0.36	0.36	0.17	0.02	0.04	88.44

样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	Total
L3-6-1	4.78	0.36	71.55	0.11	0.71	0.40	0.03	0.01	0.15	78.12
L3-6-2	3.43	0.30	80.43	0.06	0.36	0.47	0.03	0.00	0.21	85.34
L3-6-3	3.74	0.65	81.07	0.09	0.27	0.86	0.03	0.00	0.21	86.92
L3-6-4	3.04	0.49	76.18	0.02	0.79	0.33	0.01	0.00	0.16	81.03
L3-6-5	3.84	0.70	78.61	0.06	0.41	0.48	0.00	0.00	0.18	84.29
L3-6-6	3.63	0.66	78.57	0.03	0.47	0.48	0.02	0.00	0.16	84.06
L3-6-7	3.65	0.64	78.06	0.04	0.47	0.51	0.03	0.00	0.29	83.69
L3-6-8	3.89	0.68	80.88	0.03	0.26	0.80	0.00	0.01	0.14	86.71
L3-6-9	3.64	0.32	81.93	0.10	0.19	0.51	0.05	0.01	0.10	86.92
L3-6-10	4.06	0.30	72.56	0.11	0.89	0.67	0.04	0.01	0.13	78.79
L1-8-1	3.58	0.45	78.08	0.17	0.54	0.54	0.05	0.01	0.05	83.48
L1-8-2	4.50	0.80	79.06	0.10	0.33	0.38	0.03	0.00	0.15	85.35
L1-8-3	4.47	1.04	79.58	0.28	0.40	0.56	0.09	0.01	0.18	86.63
L1-8-4	3.53	0.27	82.36	0.17	0.20	0.56	0.07	0.03	0.13	87.32
L1-8-5	3.29	0.20	80.73	0.15	0.38	0.47	0.03	0.00	0.10	85.35
L1-8-6	3.92	0.46	80.44	0.17	0.37	0.89	0.09	0.02	0.06	86.45
L2-6-1	5.56	0.26	76.81	0.10	0.78	0.38	0.15	0.09	0.02	84.17
L2-6-2	4.25	0.29	82.39	0.15	0.30	0.56	0.09	0.02	0.07	88.15
L2-6-3	3.88	0.39	85.55	0.18	0.39	0.67	0.08	0.01	0.17	91.34
L2-6-4	3.47	0.30	82.86	0.51	0.40	0.68	0.18	0.05	0.14	88.60
L2-6-5	3.83	0.32	83.45	0.17	0.26	0.70	0.16	0.03	0.12	89.07
L2-6-6	3.80	0.26	82.78	0.12	0.24	0.77	0.09	0.00	0.07	88.18
L2-6-7	5.82	0.34	75.90	0.12	0.89	0.80	0.29	0.07	0.02	84.32
4b4-6-5	4.57	0.95	79.21	0.11	0.95	0.38	0.21	0.02	0.05	86.54
4b4-6-6	2.91	0.10	84.65	0.01	0.30	0.37	0.11	0.00	0.03	88.50
4b4-6-7	4.08	0.11	84.10	0.04	0.42	0.30	0.06	0.02	0.11	89.27
4b4-6-8	2.80	0.07	84.22	0.01	0.26	0.32	0.07	0.00	0.02	87.79
4b4-6-9	3.10	0.05	84.25	0.02	0.30	0.32	0.15	0.02	0.05	88.26
4b4-6-10	5.25	0.68	76.68	0.03	0.80	0.29	0.11	0.00	0.04	83.89
4b4-7-1	4.67	0.26	72.82	0.19	0.76	0.33	0.14	0.00	0.08	79.30
4b4-7-2	3.58	0.08	83.59	0.23	0.36	0.36	0.17	0.02	0.04	88.44

样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Sc	TiO₂	V	Cr	MnO	Co	Ni	Cu	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Cs	Ba	La
L1-6	0.20	5.45	754.70	21.98	1 951	47.21	120.40	2 462.00	10.62	0.31	61.17	5.14	0.27	0.01	-	220.10	1.33
L1-8	0.26	103.30	904.00	19.37	2 239	739.10	324.90	3 113.00	7.90	-	49.23	8.59	0.60	0.14	0.06	122.70	2.47
L2-6	0.19	127.70	424.60	136.70	3 516	26.54	26.82	458.00	8.42	0.26	59.82	4.87	4.51	0.14	0.07	188.60	0.86
L2-8	1.44	-	1 000.00	20.40	2 603	48.16	42.77	3 742.00	12.34	-	41.27	23.84	11.10	0.00	0.04	83.72	7.21
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	Pb	Th
L1-6	0.16	0.39	1.87	0.61	0.25	0.73	0.14	0.90	0.15	0.50	0.06	0.50	0.03	0.01	0.01	7.25	0.00
L1-8	1.54	0.74	3.38	1.11	0.24	1.26	0.23	1.23	0.24	0.71	0.11	0.62	0.12	0.01	0.00	12.14	0.58
L2-6	2.54	0.24	0.99	0.44	0.08	0.58	0.11	0.64	0.14	0.47	0.07	0.41	0.04	0.03	0.01	54.45	0.04
L2-8	4.98	1.62	7.82	2.12	0.73	3.58	0.67	4.54	1.00	3.69	0.47	3.78	0.60	0.12	0.00	14.26	0.01