地学前缘 ›› 2019, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 9-21.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.5.34

• 地下空间开发现状及挑战 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国城市地下空间地质结构分类与地质调查方法

彭建兵,黄伟亮,王飞永,刘阳   

  1. 长安大学 西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-12 修回日期:2019-04-09 出版日期:2019-05-25 发布日期:2019-05-25
  • 作者简介:彭建兵(1953—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害的教学与科研工作。
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院学部咨询评议项目“城市地下空间的开发利用”(DX-2017-B02); 国家自然科学基金项目(41772277)

Geological structural classification of and geological survey method for urban underground space in China

PENG Jianbing,HUANG Weiliang,WANG Feiyong,LIU Yang   

  1. Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering(Ministry of Education), Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
  • Received:2018-09-12 Revised:2019-04-09 Online:2019-05-25 Published:2019-05-25
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 城市地下空间开发和利用是顺应城市发展规律的合理抉择,也是我国近年来城市建设的热点区域。中国幅员辽阔,各类城市分布在不同的地貌区域内,具有不同地质背景和地质结构条件,在进行大规模城市地下空间开发和利用之前,要根据不同的地质地貌条件对各类城市地下空间结构进行初步分类,建立我国城市地下空间工程地质结构的分类体系,用于指导未来我国各类城市地下空间开发利用的工程实践。在考虑到不同城市所处地貌位置、区域构造特征、岩石圈深部结构特点、现今地震活动情况、地下岩土体结构、地下水埋深等多种参数,对未来中国可能进行大规模地下空间开发和利用的49座城市进行了分类。将地貌位置作为一级划分单元,对处在同一地貌部位各类城市所处大地构造环境、壳幔特征、基底结构、表层断层活动性以及潜在震级大小进行区分;同时对表层岩土体类型和岩土体立体结构进行分类。城市地下空间分类是基于对地下空间的精细化探测。本文还总结了现今对地下地质结构的调查方法,包括地面调查、钻探、地球物理勘探和建模方面的新技术和新方法,但对于在复杂地质环境下及深层地下空间开发中结构系统的全要素精细探测仍需要发展新的方法和理论,对不同类型城市地质结构模型的构建理论和描述方法也有待突破,城市地下空间地质结构分类体系和分类方法仍需进一步完善。

 

关键词: 城市地下空间, 地质结构, 地下结构, 地质调查, 地下空间分类

Abstract: The development and utilization of urban underground space are reasonable strategies conforming to the law of urban development, and China has seen rapid expansion of underground development in urban construction in recent years. China has a vast territory with various types of cities distributed in various geomorphological regions. Therefore, before large-scale development, the underground space of various cities should be classified according to geological conditions to ensure that a geostructural engineering classification system can be established to guide engineering practice. Here, we classified 49 cities according to geomorphologic location, regional tectonic and lithospheric structural characteristics, current seismic activity, basement and soil structure, underground water depth and so on. Choosing the geomorphologic location as the top division unit, we can classify the tectonic environment, crustal and mantle characteristics, basement structure and surface fault activity and potential seismic source zone, as well as soil type and solid structure of surface rocks, in the same division unit for various cities. Classification of urban underground space is based on fine exploration of underground space. We summarized here the current methods for underground geostructural investigation including ground surface mapping, exploratory drilling, geophysical survey and model building. However, new methods and theories are still needed for conducting fine exploration of all elements in a structural system in complex geological environment and in deep underground space development. Breakthroughs are also expected in construction theory and descriptive method for different types of urban geostructural models. And the classification system and classification method for the geostructures of urban underground space also need to be further improved.

Key words: urban underground space, geostructure, underground structure, geological survey, underground space classification

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