从东海和南海北部盆地群演化探讨日本大陆板块的形成过程

doi:10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日本列岛是位于欧亚东缘和西太平洋过渡带上的大陆板块,其来源和成因机制得到了广泛研究,传统上认为其成因是由太平洋俯冲形成的沟弧盆体系的一部分,但仍存在诸多争议。基于地形地貌、地震勘探剖面和盆地构造演化史恢复、古地磁测量和古生物等诸多证据,将南海北部的珠江口盆地、台西南盆地和东海盆地及冲绳海槽的构造迁移进行统一的系统分析,研究结果表明日本大陆板块在新生代由两个区域分别漂移而来。北海道来自赤道附近,而本州、四国和九州来自华南大陆边缘。其成因动力机制与欧亚板块从北大西洋的裂解东漂和印度与欧亚碰撞密切相关,在这个过程中,位于欧亚板块东缘的日本三岛首先发生了裂解,之后发生了漂移。新的大陆漂移模型合理地解释了沟弧盆体系的形成机制和过程,说明了弧状岛弧的成因机制,也给出了所形成的盆地内油气富集的规律。本研究为大陆漂移模式提供了一个新的动力机制。

关键词: 日本成因, 大陆漂移, 动力机制, 东海盆地, 珠江口盆地

Abstract:

The Japanese islands are located between the eastern edge of Asia and the western Pacific. The source and genetic mechanism of their formation have been extensively studied, but controversies still remain. Japan is traditionally considered to be part of the trench arc basin system formed by the Pacific subduction, but this notion contradicts geological observations. Based on topographical features, seismic exploration profiles, restoration of basin tectonic evolution history, paleomagnetic measurements and paleontological evidence, we systematically analyzed the tectonic migration of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, the Taiwan Southwestern Basin, the East China Sea Basin and the Okinawa Trough. The results showed that the Japanese continental plate drifted from two regions in the Cenozoic: Hokkaido came from the equator; and Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu came from the edge of the South China continent. The genetic mechanism is closely related to the eastward drifting of the Eurasian plate splitting from the North Atlantic, and India’s collision with the Eurasian plate. In the process, the Japanese islands on the eastern edge of the Eurasian plate first cracked, then drifted. This new continental drift model can reasonably explain the formation mechanism and process of the trench arc basin system. It can also explain the formation mechanisms of the arc-shaped island arc and the rich oil and gas deposits in the basin. This study provides a new dynamic mechanism for the continental drift model.

Key words: genesis of Japan, continental drift, dynamic mechanism, East China Sea Basin, Pearl River Mouth Basin

中图分类号:

P541

梁光河. 从东海和南海北部盆地群演化探讨日本大陆板块的形成过程[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(1): 244-259.

LIANG Guanghe. Detailed study of the formation of Japanese islands based on tectonic evolution of basins in the East China Sea and Northern South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(1): 244-259.

图/表 12

图1 日本列岛区域地质图(据文献[2])

Fig.1 Regional geological map of Japan. Adapted from [2].

图2 基于尾迹分析得到的欧亚东缘陆块原始位置、漂移路径和顺序(底图据USGS)

Fig.2 The original positions, drift paths and sequences of the continental blocks at the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate based on the wake analysis (based on USGA map)

图3 伸展环境下拉分盆地形成过程示意图, 说明处于盆地两侧边缘的A和B发生了相对漂移 a—裂解初期阶段;b—裂解中期阶段;c—裂解后期阶段。

Fig.3 Formation process of the pull-apart basin, showing the relative drift between A and B at the edges of both sides of the basin

图4 东海盆地构造演化史恢复 a—地震勘探剖面位置[26] ;b—该剖面的构造演化历史恢复结果[34]。

Fig.4 Recovery of the tectonic evolutionary history of the East China Sea Basin

图5 南海北部盆地群分布及日本三岛裂解漂移图解(据文献[26])

Fig.5 Distribution of basins in the Northern South China Sea and cracking pattern of three Japanese islands. Adapted from [26].

图6 中国近海沉积盆地分布及日本三岛裂解漂移图解

Fig.6 Distribution of China's offshore basins and cracking pattern of three Japanese islands

表1 珠江口盆地与琼东南盆地地层划分表[52]

Table 1 Stratigraphic division of the Pearl River Mouth basin and Qiongdongnan basin[52]

图7 日本三岛漂移区域磁异常特征及漂移路径(据文献[14])

Fig.7 Characteristics of magnetic anomaly and drift path of three Japanese islands. Adapted from [14].

图8 亚洲构造图和新大陆漂移模型及板块运动方向示意图,红色虚箭头是块体运动方向

Fig.8 Tectonic map of Asia and schematic diagram illustrating the new continental drift model and plate movement direction

图9 新生代欧亚板块东缘大陆板块漂移过程和郯庐断裂形成过程

Fig.9 Drift of the continental plate at the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate in the Cenozoic and the formation process of the Tanlu fault

图10 日本漂移路径与油气田分布特征(底图据USGS)

Fig.10 Japan's drift path and characteristics of oil and gas fields distribution (based on USGS map)

图11 西北大西洋岛弧特征及成因机制图解 (底图据USGS) a—千岛岛弧、夏威夷—帝王山岛弧、阿留申岛弧的形成顺序;b—科里亚克区域地质图,说明它是一个外来拼合陆块

Fig.11 Characteristics and genetic mechanism of the northwest Atlantic island arcs (based on USGS map)

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