地学前缘 ›› 2018, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 95-106.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2018.03.008

• 贵金属与有色金属 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国稀土矿资源成矿地质特征与资源潜力分析

李童斐，夏庆霖，汪新庆，刘岳，常力恒，冷帅   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(武汉) 资源学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
    2. 固体矿产勘查国家级实验教学示范中心 (中国地质大学(武汉)), 湖北 武汉 430074
    3. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所 新疆矿产资源研究中心, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-15 修回日期:2018-03-15 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-05-15
  • 作者简介:李童斐(1992—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事矿产资源预测评价研究。E-mail:Tongfei1992@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目“全国重要矿产总量预测”(1212010733806)

Metallogenic geological characteristics and mineral resource potential analysis of rare earth element resources in China.

LI Tongfei,XIA Qinglin,WANG Xinqing,LIU Yue,CHANG Liheng,LENG Shuai   

  1. 1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mineral Exploration Education (China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)), Wuhan 430074, China
    3. Xinjiang Research Centre for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, rümqi 830011, China
  • Received:2017-10-15 Revised:2018-03-15 Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-05-15

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摘要： 稀土元素是元素周期表中15种镧系元素以及钪、钇等17种元素的总称。由于其在材料、冶金等行业具有难以替代的作用，因而有“工业维生素”之称。作为具有战略意义的优势矿产资源之一，中国稀土资源由于近几十年的过度依赖极少数超大型矿床以及资源过度开采等问题，其占世界稀土资源储量的比重急剧下降。因此，急需进一步分析和总结其地质特征、成矿规律以及资源潜力评价。中国是世界稀土资源大国，稀土矿矿床类型齐全，前人针对其成矿理论方面也做了大量工作。本文采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法，在全国各省份稀土矿成矿潜力预测结果的基础之上，以MapGIS软件为平台，进行数据库汇总与综合分析研究。根据中国稀土时空分布、岩浆岩、构造和地层等控矿因素以及大地构造单元，划分了17个稀土矿成矿区带。同时，筛选出不同成因的典型矿床，总结其成矿地质特征及成矿模式。在此基础上，建立了沉积变质型、岩浆型、风化壳离子吸附型等稀土矿预测模型。在全国范围内总计圈定了930个稀土矿最小预测区，累积预测资源量约32 700×104 t。根据稀土矿区域成矿特征，将最小预测区归并为2级预测区，并进一步归并为133个3级预测区。此外，根据不同成矿带，按照不同预测深度、不同地质可靠程度以及不同利用程度对稀土资源量进行了汇总。最后根据稀土矿成矿地质条件，选取了广西云开大山、大寺—小董, 内蒙古白云鄂博、巴尔哲, 湖北庙娅—蒋家堰以及四川冕宁等6个重点的3级预测区进行资源潜力分析，为下一步勘查部署工作提供指导。

关键词: 稀土矿, 成矿地质特征, 资源潜力评价, 预测模型

Abstract: Rare earth element (REE) is a general term for the 17 elements including 15 lanthanide elements and Sc and Y. Because of its irreplaceable role in manufacturing, metallurgy and other industries, REE has earned the title of “industrial vitamin”. Deemed as one of superior strategic mineral resources, the share of China’s REE resource in the global reserves has declined sharply in recent decades due to over reliance on and exploitation of a few super large deposits. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct an indepth investigation on the geological characteristics, metallogenic regularity and resource potential evaluation of REEs in China. Since it is one of the REE rich countries in the world and possesses of complete REEs, a great deal of work has been done on REE metallogenic theory in China. Here, we carried out comprehensive analyses of REE metallogenic potential prediction of various provinces, using prediction model and comprehensive geological information prediction method with MapGIS platform. According to spatiotemporal distribution of REE deposits, and magmatite, tectonic and stratigraphic control factors, as well as tectonic units, we identified 17 rare earth metallogenic zones. We also screened typical ore deposits of different genesis and summarized their geological features and metallogenic types. Further, we established prediction models of REE deposits, such as sedimentary metamorphic, magmatic and ion adsorption of weathering crust types. A total of 930 minimum prospective areas were delineated nationally, amounting to approximately 327.00 million tons of cumulative forecast REE resources. According to the regional metallogenic characteristics of REE deposits, we classified the minimum prospective areas as levelII prospective areas, which were further merged into 133 levelIII prospective areas. In addition, the amount of REE resources was documented according to metallogenic belt, prediction depth, geological reliability and utilizability. We selected 6 levelIII priority prospective areas including YunkaiDashan and DasiXiaodong in Guangxi, Bayan Obo and Baerzhe in Inner Mongolia, MiaoyaJiangjiayan in Hubei and Mianning in Sichuan, based on metallogenic geological conditions favorable for mineral potential analysis. This work can provide guidance for further REE exploration.

Key words:  REE deposit, metallogenic geological characteristics, resource potential evaluation, prediction model

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