地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 167-175.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.05.018

• 非常规油气资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴东石炭系天然沥青特征及形成的主控因素

 张谦, 刘成林, 李宗星, 杜亚峰   

  1. 1. 长庆油田公司 第一采油厂, 陕西 延安 716009
    2. 中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-16 修回日期:2016-01-17 出版日期:2016-09-15 发布日期:2016-09-15
  • 作者简介:张谦(1989—),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事油气成藏及油气田开发研究。
  • 基金资助:

    中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011120964)

Characteristics and main controlling factors of Carboniferous bitumens in Eastern Qaidam Basin.

 ZHANG  Qian, LIU  Cheng-Lin, LI  Zong-Xing, DU  E-Feng   

  1. 1. No.1 Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, Yanan 716009, China
    2. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2015-10-16 Revised:2016-01-17 Online:2016-09-15 Published:2016-09-15

摘要:

前人在柴达木盆地东部石炭系地层中发现了大量的天然沥青出露,并证实柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩有过生烃过程。因此,深入开展该地区天然沥青特征和形成模式分析,对该地区下一步的油气勘探有着重要的指导意义。文中采用物理和地球化学实验的方法,研究了石炭系天然沥青物理特征和地球化学特征;分析了石炭系天然沥青物理特征和地球化学特征,并总结出石炭系沥青遭受了轻微的生物降解和氧化作用的蚀变特性;通过对沥青形成的地质背景及构造活动的分析和研究,探究了德令哈坳陷沥青的形成模式,发现该区石炭系、侏罗系广泛分布的烃源岩是沥青形成的物质基础;局部的优质储层,为有利的油气储集空间;不整合面和断裂体系非常发育,不仅对该区油气的运移起着控制作用,也是油气藏破坏而暴露地表形成沥青的重要因素;这三个主控因素对该区天然沥青的形成起着决定性的作用

关键词: 天然沥青, 成因模式, 石炭系, 德令哈坳陷

Abstract:

Carboniferous bitumen outcrops were widely exposed in Eastern Qaidam Basin, and previous studies have confirmed that Carboniferous source rocks have undergone a hydrocarbon generation process. So an indepth study of bitumen characteristics and reservoirforming model is important to guiding the petroleum exploration in this area. The paper studied the physics and geochemistry of the bitumen in this area by using the geographical method and the experimental geochemical method, which reveals that the bitumen underwent less extent of biodegradation and oxidation. In addition, the reservoirforming model of bitumen is discussed by studying geological settings and structure movement. The widely distributed Carboniferous and Jurassic source rocks are the material basis of the formation of Carboniferous bitumen, and partial favorable reservoirs provide effective reservoir space. Unconformity surfaces and faults system are wideranging in this area which not only control the oil and gas migration, but also provide an evidence for the structure destruction of oil reservoir. The three master factors above are crucial impacts on bitumen forming in this area.

Key words: bitumen, genesis model, Carboniferous, Delingha depression

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